316 EESTIVENESS: ITS PEEVENTION AND CUEE. 



the rider to sit well down in his saddle, bringing his 

 legs well hack and keeping his body upright — the legs 

 being required thm-e to regulate the action of the horse's 

 hind legs in the manner already described, whilst the 

 upright position of the body affords a basis from which 

 the arms can work. Next, instead of pulling a dead 

 pull on both reins alike, the rider must take inter- 

 mittent pulls on the one at the side he wishes to turn 

 towards, gradually increasing the strength of the pull, 

 and then as gradually relaxing to begin again ; holding 

 the other rein merely *' counter," so that the pressure 

 shall be exerted only through the mouthpiece, whatever 

 the bit may be, and not through any other portion of 

 it, which would be useless. This intemittent pull 

 on the rein must, however, be always accompanied by 

 a similar pressure of the leg, or if necessary, spur, 

 at the same side, the rider's hand and leg acting in 

 perfect unison ; and this will never fail to turn the 

 horse gradually, just as is required. The circle affords, 

 however, not merely an opportunity for avoiding dan- 

 gerous obstacles ; its great value is, that it also enables 

 the rider, by gradually obtaining command over his 

 horse, to demonstrate to the latter the utter futility ot 

 its attempt to get rid of him by running away, and 

 that, too, without violence or severity. One single 

 attempt at bolting away, if taken advantage of in this 

 manner by a judicious rider, may prove the means of 

 effectually subduing a troublesome animal. On the 

 other hand, such a rider will abstain carefully from 

 driving his horse to running away. 



It is more difficult to manage a horse that nins away 

 on the roads or in the streets of a town, because the 

 rider is more or less compelled to follow straight lines. 



