Theodor Holm : Types of Clayionia Gronov, 5 



cotyledons above ground; at this stage two lea ves, succeeding the cotyledons, are al read y 

 visible, and the plant is now ready to meet the first winter. During the winter the hypo- 

 cotyl shows a gradual wrinkling, by which the plumule becomes pulled down beneath 

 the surface of the ground, and the root continues its growth vertically, and to a very 

 considerable depth. In the following spring several leaves develop and form soon a 

 small rosette, while increase in thickness commences in the hypocotyl and in the basal 

 portion of the root. A fully matured specimen is figured on Plate 1, showing the large 

 root, the rosette of leaves, and the inflorescences, all axillary. In this illustration we 

 have before us the picture of a plant that inhabits the highest peaks of the Rocky Moun- 

 tains. And at the stage figured the leaves and inflorescences for the coming year are 

 already developed, and visible when we lay a longitudinal section through the rosette 

 and the apical portion of the hypocotyl. The leaves vary from spatulate to dilated- 

 cuneate or obovate (figs. 3—5); the inflorescence (fig. 2) is cymose with the two large 

 foreleaves erapty, and with only one bract to each cyme. In respect to the structure 

 of the flower (figs. 6 and 8) this agrees with Claytonia proper; so does also the opening 

 of the capsule (figs. 9 — 14), and the seed (fig. 15). 



If we compare this species of Claytonia with the other high alpine plants of the Rocky 

 Mountains, the deep-seated root seems somewhat anomalous; but otherwise the leaf- 

 structure, for instance, is that of many alpine species, this being isolateral, the stomata 

 being distributed over both faces of the blade, and the chlorenchyma representing a 

 palisade-tissue throughout. 



A similar development of the root and foliage exists in C. arciica Adams and C. 

 tuberosa Pall., but not in the other species pertaining to this section. 



Claytonia Virginica L. (Plate II fig. 1). 



This is, also, a relatively large-rooted species, in which the primary root increases 

 considerably in thickness, but only the basal portion, since the slender apical part dies 

 off entiroly. In respect to the seedling-stagc we find only "in cotylcdon dovelopod, 

 hence reminding of Ficaria, Cyclamcn, Dicentra etc. The rainitiration of tho shoot i« 

 monopodial, but the leave« do not persist throughout the winter as is the case witli C. 

 megarrhiza Parrv. In regard to the leaf-structure this is dorsiventral so far as concern« 

 the chlorenchyma, but not in respect to the stomata, which occur on both faces of the 

 l.lade. Claytonia Caroliniana MicHX. and C. lanceolata Pursh agree with C. Virgi- 

 nica L. 



Claytonia sarmentosa C. A. Mey. 



The last member of Euclaytonia, since we prefer to place C. asarifolia Boncj. under 

 the section Limnia. In C. sarmentosa C.A. Mey. (Plate II fig. 2) we nolico the dcep 



