230 HISTORY OF THE PEOTECTORATE TERRITORIES 



company was mainly organised by tlie late Sir William Mackinnon, the 

 chairman of the British India Steamship Navigation Company. As a 

 matter of fact, had Sir William Mackinnon possessed greater faith in 

 East Africa and moved a little sooner in the right direction, we should 

 have secured the whole of Kilimanjaro, besides the territories which we 

 now possess at the base of that mountain. But Sir William was cautious, 

 and disinclined to embark his capital in East African adventures without 

 something in the shape of a Government guarantee. Once the company 

 had been started, however, Sir William became keenly interested in the 

 plan for relieving Emin Pasha, no doubt with the ulterior object — not 

 after all a discreditable one — of extending the dominion of his chartered 

 company to the territories which Emin felt obliged to evacuate. 



But there were already many international jealousies regarding the 

 allotment of East Africa. The 1890 agreement between Great Britain and 

 German}^ seemed at that time an impossibility, and Germany viewed witb -con- 

 siderable jealousy any tra nsferenc e of the Egvy)tian Su dan or Uganda to t he 

 British s phere "of infTue nce. Moreover, the murder of Bishop Hannington 

 had made a deep impression, and the power of Uganda was thought tobe 



too strong for the best-organised militar\^_ expedition o f that perio d_ to 



face with any c ha nce ol^^ucc essy Consequently, as Stanley wished to 

 reach Equatoria without travelling through Uganda or through German 

 East Africa, he felt obliged to take the Congo route. Tiiat he succeeded 

 in his purpose is now a matter of history, thougli it was at the cost 

 of privations, miseries, deaths, delays, and disappointments which would 

 probably all have been avoided but for the refusal of the Germans to 

 allow him to })roceed through German East Africa, or the exaggerated 

 estimate of the difficulties which would have been met with by following 

 Joseph Thomson's route from Mombasa past Mount Elgon to the Nile. 

 Stanley brought away Emin Pasha, discovered Kuwenzori and Lake 

 Albert Edward, and in a measure increased the British claims to consider 

 these territories to lie within a British sphere of influence. 



Towards the closeo f 1889 the dete s tation of the ^ Muhammadans fel t 

 by the pe asanFs of Uganda, and the growing i nfluence of the Christians.. 

 decided_M wanga to make an eff or t to rega inln s thron e. Thi s effort, with 

 the help^of Mi\_Stokes,* ^n_ En glish merc hant, was eventually s uccessfu l . 



* As a matter of fact, Stokes was a native of the North of Ireland, a Protestant 

 who came out as one of the lay members of the Church ^Missionary Society. His 

 English wife died after the birth of a child. Some time afterwards Stokes contracted 

 a marriage with the daughter of an Unyamwezi chief. He had by this time left the 

 service of the Church ^Missionary Society, and had set himself up as an organiser of 

 missionary transport and a trader. He was commissioned bj' Sir John Kirk to engage 

 the head-men and porters of my expedition to Kilimanjaro, and very well he acquitted 

 himself of the task. He was an imi3ulsive man, however, and somewhat quarrelsome. I 



