416 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF T^ENIA SAGINATA. 



but these differed from Linne*, in so far as they did not ascribe the 

 difference in the appearance and nature of the worms to any subse- 

 quent modification, but regarded it as original and present from the 

 first. Thus Pallas 1 informs us that when Tcenia cucurbitina occurs 

 in dogs and wolves, it is often, in spite of perfect similarity in the 

 form and proportions of the joints, considerably smaller than in man. 

 And in regard to its occurrence in man, he adds, " that from reasons 

 which do not seem exactly to harmonise with the apparent constitution 

 of the host, and which are difficult to explain, it is sometimes deli- 

 cate, thin, and slender, and at other times very large, thick, and as it 

 were fattened," as he is able to prove " by remarkable examples " 

 which he had expelled " from a thin and sickly girl between her 

 twelfth and fifteenth year." In the largest and ripest joints, he says 

 that the difference is sometimes in the proportion of one to three, for 

 in the smaller animals the length and breadth of these joints is hardly 

 four lines by two, while in the larger ones it is more than eight by 

 five. If several tape-worms be voided, they are usually of about the 

 same size and of similar form and joints, for he knows no instance of 

 several " species " having been observed together in the same man. 



The foregoing descriptions, and the reference to Andry, thus 

 enable us to recognise in these large and thick worms our Tcenia 

 saginata, while the smaller and thinner ones are the present T. solium, 

 which, except in the suggestions of Linne* above-mentioned, is here 

 distinctly described for the first time. 



Goze declares himself still more definitely, and divides Tcenia 

 cucurbitina which is here, however, exclusively confined to the 

 human tape-worms into two groups. 2 The former of these is "the 

 familiar large one, with long, thick, flattened joints," and is named by 

 him Tcenia cucurbitina grandis saginata; while the latter, "which 

 seems to be a variety of it, but continues to be the same under all cir- 

 cumstances," is designated T. cucurbitina plana pellucida. It is true 

 that the heads are said to be provided in both groups with a circlet of 

 hooks, but from the description and drawing it is evident that this 

 supposition is based upon a mistake, for the first familiar form 

 (Goze recommends Andry's figure, except the head, as pretty good) 

 is evidently the unarmed T. solium of the older investigators. The 

 second form, although less common elsewhere, is, according to Goze, 

 the most frequent of the two around the Hartz. 



Batsch agrees with this idea of Goze, 3 except that under the name 

 T. cucurbitina which he prefers to the " quite unsuitable " name T. 



1 Loc. cit., p. 47. 



2 Loc. cit., p. 278. 



3 " Naturgeschichte der Bandwurmgattung," p. 121 : Halle, 1786. 



