454 MALFORMATIONS OF T.-ENIA S AGIN ATA. 



from the Cape of Good Hope). It exhibits the same connection 

 between the two chains, except that the one worm has a very much 

 smaller surface than the other, and seems hardly more than a longi- 

 tudinal ridge, resembling rather the common lateral border of the 

 Tcenia than the adherent wing. 



This longitudinal ridge measured, in the ripe joints which 

 Kiichenmeister sent me, only 2 mm., while the adult second wing was 

 about 7 mm. broad. Yet it is the morphological equivalent of a whole 

 animal, as maybe inferred, not only from its participation in the segmen- 

 tation of the worm, but more cogently from the essential similarity of 

 its structure to that of the rest of the body. In thin transverse sections 

 one can see quite distinctly the characteristic cortical and middle 

 layers, both of which pass into the respective layers of the main body. 1 

 At the free border of the ridge there runs a longitudinal vessel, as 

 also on the free borders of the broad wing ; and a third wider one, 

 common to both borders, is situated where the ridge is attached. Out- 

 side the vessel the nerve may be observed. As to sexual organs in 

 the ridge, only testes were to be found, and these few in number. 

 Sexual openings were not perceptible there ; and even on the free lateral 

 border of the main body none of these could be found ; in the prepara- 

 tions examined they were always situated on the common border. In 

 regard to the connection, we must note that the median plane of the 

 ridge forms with the main body an angle of about 45, which is 

 open externally. Let us imagine the ridge to become broader, or what 

 comes to the same, to become more perfectly developed, then this 

 example would be quite identical with those described by Bremser or 

 Auerbach. 



It is, of course, self-evident that, with the uniform development of 

 the two surfaces, the sexual organs will also attain a uniform develop- 

 ment. The proglottides sent to me by Auerbach, which were voided 

 by a boy three years old, who had harboured the worm for about one 

 and a half years, have enabled me to obtain a tolerably satisfactory 

 insight into the matter. 



First, I would remark that the generative openings, as Auerbach 

 noted in his letters, and as Cobbold and Cullingworth asserted of 

 the worms observed by them, and as is seen in Bremser's figures, are 

 disposed throughout on one side, and are always found on the margin 

 common to the two wings. The alternation which Kiichenmeister 



1 Kiichenmeister, who has since convinced himself of the fact of this arrangement, 

 appears to have overlooked my observations of twenty years ago, when he, by way of 

 proving that he has succeeded in making out the structure of the tape-worms in question, 

 appeals to his drawings, which "need no patronage whatever from the zoologists," 

 ( " Parasiten, " 2d ed., preface, p. iv). 



