474 CYSTIC STAGE OF T/ENIA SAGINATA. 



nection of Tcenia saginata with the bladder-worm of the ox, nor had 

 lie observed bladder-worms in the muscles of cattle. If, notwith- 

 standing this, he connects man and the ox in the way indicated, 

 he is supported not by the observations mentioned, but chiefly by 

 the fact that of all the domestic animals the ox holds by far the 

 most important place in the food of the Abyssinians. As pigs are 

 never reared nor eaten, only the sheep and the goat can be taken into 

 account besides the ox. But Schimper always found the goat free from 

 bladder- worms, although harbouring a tape-worm " whose proglottides 

 are similar to those found in man, and often occur in immense numbers 

 in the excreta." The sheep, it is true, is often infested in Abyssinia 

 by bladder- worms, but only in the liver (and in the hilly country also 

 in the brain) ; but these hepatic bladder-w,orms, which it is casually 

 remarked are longer than those found in the ox, and have " on the 

 two opposite sides a slender, membranous, wing-like structure," cannot 

 produce the human tape- worm, since the liver is not eaten, but thrown 

 away. On the other hand, Schimper thinks it very likely that the 

 tape-worm of the goat just mentioned is derived from these sheep 

 bladder-worms, especially as this animal might very easily become 

 infected with them. 



Although Schimper expressly states that he always found the goat 

 free from bladder-worms in the muscles, and although two experiments 

 made by Ziirn and myself on this animal produced no positive results, 

 Zenker has succeeded in rearing 1 the bladder- worm of Tcenia saginata 

 in the goat. Twelve weeks after the feeding, Zenker found (besides 

 numerous compressed cheesy and calcareous bladder-worms in the 

 capsule of the kidney, liver, lungs, brain, heart, and muscles) two fully 

 developed living bladder-worms, regarding whose origin there could 

 be no doubt. On the other hand, however, these scanty results serve 

 to prove that the goat is but little adapted for the breeding of the 

 tape-worm. 



All attempts to breed the parasites in other animals have failed. 

 Hosier, Cobbold, Zenker, and van Beneden experimented on the 

 pig just as unsuccessfully as Schmidt and I formerly did. Zlirn 

 fed a sheep 2 with Tcenia saginata, but it remained healthy and free 

 from bladder-worms, as I had formerly observed. In my case the 

 aninial had devoured about sixty ripe proglottides, and on post mortem 

 examination eight weeks later, the only alteration observed was the 

 presence of many small white dots in the liver, and a shrunken 

 appearance of the lymphatic glands of the groin and pelvis, which were 



1 Loc. cit., p. 88, 1872. 



2 The muscle bladder-worms which are now and then found in the sheep possess 

 hooks, and thus cannot belong to Tcenia saginata. 



