GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. 479 



Balz writes to me from Tokio, that it often occurs in Japan, and is 

 much more frequent than T. solium. The case seems to be the same 

 in China, at least many of the French soldiers 

 returned from the Palikao expedition infected 

 with this worm. Fedschenko also found the worm 

 to be widely spread in Central Asia. 



Eegarding Australia and America, the com- 

 munications are more scanty, but it is known with 

 certainty that this species is not wanting there. It 

 was also identified by Kiichenmeister and myself FIG. 272. Ripe seg- 



. -p. ., , i JL. . , , T ., j -XT -n ment of T(Knia saginata. 



from Brazil, and by Weinland, Leidy, and Vernll var. aUetina ; after 

 in North America. Weinland, among others, Weinland - ( x 2.) 

 observed it in a Chippeway Indian, but in a form which was very 

 markedly distinguished from the typical Tcenia saginata by the small 

 size of its proglottides, and by its slender form, so that he was almost 

 tempted to regard it as a separate species. 1 He constituted it a 

 variety abietina, and relying upon the branching of the uterus, classed 

 it along with T. solium, erroneously, however, as may be seen from 

 the drawing of the preparation he kindly sent me (Fig. 272). 



In Europe hardly a country can be mentioned in which Tcenia 

 saginata has not been found. In fact it is the predominant species 

 of tape-worm in the south and south-west, in Bavaria, Austria, 

 Hungary, Italy, and Turkey. In the north of Germany and in 

 Denmark it has also, during the last twenty years, gradually forced 

 the formerly more frequent T. solium into the back-ground. While 

 the cases of T. saginata had to be counted by units at the time of the 

 appearance of the first edition of this work, it is now, on the contrary, 

 T. solium that has to be sought for. It has become rare, since its 

 relations to the bladder-worm of the pig have become known to an 

 ever-extending circle, and since the fear of Trichina has taught us to 

 pay greater attention to the condition of meat. 



We possess, however, but few statistics of a definite nature. In 

 Copenhagen, where, until 1869, the relation of Tcenia solium to 

 T. saginata was as 53 to 37, Krabbe afterwards found only 16 

 examples of T. solium among 62 large-jointed tape-worms. Accord- 

 ing to Grassi, 16 examples of T. saginata were found among 19 

 large-jointed Tee-nice in Milan, and according to Marchi, 34 out of 

 35 in Florence. Similarly all the tape-worms investigated by Bremser 

 in Vienna were, with one exception, hookless, and as this one came 



1 I have, however, no intention of denying that besides the species of the " common 

 human tape-worm," with which we are acquainted, there may be here and there some 

 new ones which are still unknown to us. But there are certainly fewer with us than 

 with the nomadic, hunting and pastoral peoples beyond the bounds of Europe. 



