488 1VEXIA SOLIUM, RUDOLPHI. 



also a feeling as though the worms were heaving up and down inside 

 the intestine. And indeed it is quite conceivable that the powerful 

 contractions of Tcenia saginata have an influence on the condition of 

 the intestine. The projecting borders of the joints thus rub in a file- 

 like manner over the villi, and easily produce a congested state, which 

 lasts a longer or shorter time according to circumstances, and gives rise 

 to many diseased symptoms. Moreover, diarrhcetic stools rarely con- 

 tinue in tape-worm patients, and there is often, on the contrary, an 

 irregular alternation of diarrhoea and constipation. 



If the disease continue long the nutrition suffers. From this 

 there often arises a condition which has a certain resemblance to 

 anaemia, and which especially exhibits the many neurotic symptoms 

 of this disease. Singing in the ears, hallucinations, giddiness, fainting, 

 pains in the joints, epilepsy, chorea, and even mental diseases, have all 

 been observed to be caused by the tape-worm, and not unfrequently 

 to disappear on the removal of the latter. 1 



It is easy to see, however, that these cases, although so numerous, 

 contain little that is characteristic. They might arise from other 

 causes as well as from the tape-worm. A certain diagnosis is there- 

 fore impossible. To this end one must observe eggs or proglottides 

 of the corpus delicti, and these must always be identified, before so 

 radical a cure as treatment with anthelminthics is begun. 



b. Cystic Tape- Worms with Circlet of Hooks. 



(Cystotaenia, sensu stricto.) 

 Taenia solium, Eudolphi. 



Gtfze, " Eingeweidewurmer," p. 269 (T. cucurbitina plana, pellucida). 

 Kuchenmeister, ' Ueber Cestoden," p. 85. 

 Weinland, " Essay on the Tape- worms of Man," p. 32. 



In size, thickness, and number of segments, this species is considerably 

 less than the last. In its extended condition, the length rarely amounts to 

 more than from 3 to 3'5 metres, and in preserved specimens it is generally 

 less than 2 metres. The greatest breadth, which is attained about 

 the middle of the body, hardly ever exceeds 8 mm. The number of the 

 segments may be estimated at about 850, and of these not more than 80- 

 100 are ripe proglottides. These make up a third of the whole length, 

 and at the end of the chain attain a length of 10-12 mm., and a breadth 

 of 5 mm. The head is about the, size of a pin-head, and has a spherical 

 shape with somewhat prominent suckers. The, apex is not unfrequently 



1 For further information regarding the diseases of tape-worm hosts, and an account 

 of a number of interesting cases, see Davaine, loc. cit., p. 101. 



