THE HOSTS OF CYSTICERCUS CELLULOSE. 497 



A scrupulous critic may perhaps find these experiments not 

 altogether satisfactory. All the more important is the result of a 

 further experiment made by Kiichenmeister on a condemned 

 criminal. 1 Several months before execution the criminal ate twenty 

 bladder-worms of the pig introduced in a sandwich of sausage. They 

 were administered on the 24th November 1859 and on the 18th 

 January 1860, and the execution took place on the 31st March 1860. 

 The result was the discovery of nineteen tape-worms in the intestine. 

 Eleven of these were short (at most five feet) and thin, but already 

 provided with ripe joints, some of which were still adherent, whilst 

 others were creeping about freely in the lowermost part of the in- 

 testine. The other eight worms were nearly mature. 



Heller has lately reported another such experiment. 2 Eighteen 

 days before death, a consumptive patient ate twenty-five pieces 

 of fresh bladder- worm. On post mortem examination, twelve tape- 

 worm heads were found in the intestine, which showed all the char- 

 acters of Tcenia, solium, but were all very small, and had no joints 

 visible to the naked eye. 



Before such facts the last doubts must vanish. We may safely 

 regard it as fully established that the hook-bearing Tcenici solium 

 springs from the Cysticercus celhdosce. Only those can continue to 

 doubt who do not wish to see the truth. 



The chief host of the Cysticercus cdlulosce is the pig. But 

 it is not the only animal besides man which harbours this form. 

 According to Diesing, this muscle-bladder-worm has also been found 

 in apes, dogs, bears, rats, and deer. Though it occurs but rarely in 

 these animals, we cannot leave the fact out of account, especially in 

 considering the mode in which infection may take place, for the speci- 

 fic identity of these forms with Cysticercus cellulosce has been in some 

 of these instances distinctly established. Apart from those found in 

 the apes, which even Treutler 3 identified, those occurring in the 

 roe have been carefully investigated and identified by Krabbe, 4 

 and by myself. The hooks, which were arranged in fourteen or 

 fifteen pairs, were somewhat thinner and smaller than in the 

 common bladder-worm of the pig, but were otherwise in entire agree- 

 ment, so that there was no reason to doubt their identity. Even the 

 bladder- worm with twenty-six hooks found by Cobbold 5 in mutton 



1 Deutsche Klinilc, No. 20, 1860. 



2 Ziemssen's " Handb. d. sp. Path. u. Ther.," Bd. vii., p. 597 ; English translation, 

 " Cyclop. Pract. Med.," vol. vii., p. 712 : London, 1877. 



3 " Observat. path.-anat," p. 26, Lipsiae, 1792. I have myself identified a bladder- 

 worm from Inuus ecaudatus as Cysticercus cellulosce. 



4 Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren., Tab. v., 1862. 

 6 " Entozoa,'' p. 30 : London, 1869. 



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