540 OCCURRENCE AND RESULTS OF CYSTICERCUS CELLULOSE. 



It is quite different, however, in the case of the Indian swine, as 

 we have learned from English physicians stationed in the Punjab. 

 The half- wild animals round the villages are specially fond of 

 frequenting the public dung-heaps, to which we have already referred 

 in connection with the bladder-worms of the ox (p. 473). Day after 

 day, according to Flemming, 1 they may be seen on the look-out, 

 waiting till the natives finish operations. They hardly give them time 

 to do so, and have sometimes to be driven off by force. Since Twnia 

 solium is hardly less common in India than T. saginata, it is readily 

 seen that the bladder- worms of the pig must also be excessively 

 common. 



Similar circumstances give rise to similar consequences. Thus 

 we understand why in Ireland, Slavonia, and certain parts of North 

 America, the bladder-worms of the pig are of the commonest 

 occurrence. 



In Germany, too, and in Central Europe, there are localities where 

 the swine are so frequently and so abundantly infected with bladder- 

 worms that they have quite a bad reputation with dealers and butchers. 2 

 These are mostly country districts, where the excrement of the in- 

 habitants is carelessly deposited, and is easily accessible to the swine. 

 Villages furnish a larger contingent of measly swine than do towns, 

 though the latter afford more instances of tape- worm patients, owing 

 to the greater consumption of flesh, or rather owing to the immense 

 number of animals imported from the country for town consumption. 



Although these facts are generally known, we have but few 

 satisfactory data as to the occurrence of bladder-worms, much 

 fewer than in the case of Ti-ichina. The former, though occurring 

 more abundantly, have less hygienic importance, since, from their 

 demonstrable size, they involve less danger than do the others, which 

 have a rarer and more hidden occurrence. 



Out of 1,728,600 swine examined in 1876 in Prussia, there were, 

 according to the newspaper reports, 4706 infected with bladder-worm, 

 i.e., 1 for every 370. Similarly, in Vienna 3 there were in about 

 10,000 swine 163 infected (1'307), in the Cassel district, 4 out of 

 149,500 examined in 1872-74, there were only 158 " measly," or 1'945. 

 This last ratio can hardly be directly compared with the former, since 

 the less serious cases were probably unnoticed. Within a certain 

 range one finds marked divergences, as may be best seen perhaps 



1 Cobbold, "Parasiti interni, &c.," p. 46. 



2 Thus von Siebold notes in his " Band- nnd Blasenwiirmer " (p. T14) that the swine 

 imported into Neufchatel from the surrounding country are almost all "measly," while 

 such a disease is almost unknown in the west of Switzerland. 



3 Oesterr. Monatschr.f. Thierheilk., No. 2, p. 14, 1876. 



* Vierteljahnschrift f. gerichtl. Medicin, Bd. xxv., p. 202. 



