548 OCCURRENCE AND RESULTS OF CYSTICERCUS CELLULOSE. 



expelled by the mouth, the action of the digestive juices has not time 

 to liberate the embryos. Thus we understand that among the cases 

 enumerated by Lewin, 1 in which larger or smaller pieces of Tcenia, 

 solium were voided, there are only two instances (those of Kuntz- 

 mann and Witthauer) in which bladder-worm disease has been 

 certainly established. On the other hand, Dressel cites a case in 

 which a tape-worm (it is not expressly said that it was T. solium) was 

 found in the duodenum and stomach, " in a place which could hardly 

 have been more favourable for self-infection," but yet none took place. 

 It is impossible to prove, however, that the worm occupied this un- 

 usual position during the life of the host, and did not assume it on 

 the approach of death. 



But, granted that the infection has taken place in some way or 

 other, then the embryos distribute themselves in the body according 

 to circumstances, and become bladder-worms. How they wander we 

 cannot say with certainty. At any rate, they may reach any part or 

 organ of the body, except, perhaps, the bones, 2 which are probably 

 protected more by their being ill-suited for development than by their 

 inaccessibility. The bladder-worms are found, strangely enough, but 

 rarely in the liver a contrast to the Echi'twcoccus. 



From the analogy of its occurrence in swine, we are led to the 

 conclusion that it is the muscles, or rather the intra-muscular connec- 

 tive-tissue, which the bladder- worms most frequently inhabit. The 

 results of dissections seemed in harmony with this till our attention 

 was lately directed, especially by Dressel's reports, to the extraordi- 

 nary frequency with which this worm occurs in the brain. Whether 

 this result of pathological examination is a true expression of the real 

 state of the case is, however, doubtful, since bladder- worms in the 

 muscles are apt to escape the notice of pathological anatomists and of 

 clinical surgeons, while the cases of bladder-worms in the brain as 

 naturally demand their attention. The deceptiveness of statistics 

 obtained from purely pathological examinations is most strikingly 

 shown by the fact that Dressel notes in his eighty-seven cases only 

 three instances of bladder-worms in the skin, while Lewin observed 

 as many within a single year. The frequency of the bladder- worms 

 in the eye has been demonstrated by means of the ophthalmoscope ; 

 but before this instrument was used they were held as great rarities. 

 In pathological anatomical institutes they are even yet so rare that 

 neither Mliller nor Dressel mentions them. The thirty-six cases of 

 the former refer for the most part only to the brain (twenty-one), the 



1 Loc. '<., p. 658. 



2 It is doubtful whether the case in Froriep's " Chirurg. Kupfertafeln " (438) is 

 established or not. 



