FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE IN THE VARIOUS ORGANS. 549 



muscles (twelve), and the heart (three) ; and the reports are so 

 unequally divided between Dresden and Erlangen that, e.g., out of 

 twenty-two cases, eleven cases of Cysticerci in the muscles are recorded 

 in the former, while, out of fourteen cases in Erlangen, only a single 

 one is reported. 



According to Dressel's lists, among the eighty-seven cases of 

 bladder-worms at Berlin, seventy-two were in the brain, thirteen in 

 the muscles, and six in the heart. There were, besides, three cases of 

 Cysticerci in the lungs, three in the subcutaneous tissue, and two in 

 the liver. These cases enumerated exceed the total eighty-seven ; but 

 this results from the fact that the bladder- worms are by no means 

 always restricted to a single organ. This is generally the case, how- 

 ever, when they were found in the brain or eye; for, among the 

 seventy-two cases of cerebral bladder-worms, there were no fewer 

 than sixty-six in which the parasites were restricted to these organs. 

 Similarly Graefe reports that in the eighty cases of bladder- worms in 

 the eye observed by him up to 1866, there were no patients in whom 

 he could demonstrate their presence elsewhere, except two, who 

 possibly harboured them in the brain. 1 When the bladder-worms 

 occur in other organs, then the local limitation seems to be less fre- 

 quent, as may be inferred from the fact that in Dressel's cases there 

 were but four in which the bladder- worms occurred only in the 

 muscles, and only two in which they were confined to the heart. 



The Cysticerci in the brain are usually found in the membranes 

 and in the cortex. The Sylvian fissure is specially frequented, as are 

 also the large ganglia, the corpora striata, and the optic thalami. 

 The fourth ventricle occasionally contains them, as also the choroid 

 plexus. On the contrary, bladder- worms have been found only four 

 times in the substance of the cerebrum and cerebellum. 2 They 

 occurred still more rarely at the base of the brain. On the frontal 

 lobes they were found four times, on the lower surface of the pons 

 once, and also once between the two optic nerves. As to the Cysticerci 

 in the muscles, no favourite place could be inferred from Dressel's cases, 

 although it certainly seemed as though the pectoral muscles are very 

 frequently diseased. But there was hardly a group of muscles which 

 was avoided by the bladder- worms ; the muscles of the extremities were 

 as much infected as the intercostals, or those of the abdomen and the 



1 Dr. R. Schulz of Brunswick told me of a case of Cysticercus in the retina which 

 occurred along with many in the subcutaneous tissue. 



2 This maybe inferred from Kiichenmeister's report (Oesterr. Zeitschr. f. pract. ffeilk., 

 1866). In the eighty-eight cases here collected the bladder-worms were found forty-nine 

 times in the membranes, thirty-nine times on the surface of the hemispheres, thirty-six 

 times in the great ganglia, but only nineteen times in the central substance, and eighteen 

 times in the ventricles. 



