ITS OCCURRENCE IN MAN. 747 



to be an unusually long larva of a species of BothriocepJialus } identical 

 with the form which Cobbold had just ranked among the human 

 Entozoa, under the title Ligula Mansoni. From Manson's report, it 

 seems clear that its occurrence in the urethra in Scheube's case was 

 secondary. The worm does not live, as one might expect from the 

 above, in the renal cavities, but is primarily, like the other larvae of 

 BothriocepJialus } embedded in the connective tissue of the host, 

 probably, as in Manson's case, in the neighbourhood of the kidneys, 

 whence it had found its way, after further growth, into the urethra. 

 That it is able, to some extent at least, to change its position, is 

 evident from the fact that in Manson's case one specimen was found 

 in the pleura ; while Braun's observations on the bladder- worms from 

 the pike (p. 726) establish the occurrence of an occasional migration. 

 The loose nature of the enveloping sheath, and the ease with which 

 larvae of BothriocepJialus protrude their heads (as I observed on a 

 living form 6 cm. long, taken from the subdermal connective tissue of 

 a Japanese giant salamander), make the mechanical possibility of 

 this wandering readily intelligible. A passage into the ureter must 

 be less difficult for this form than for certain intestinal parasites, 

 which also occasionally make their exit in a similar manner. I refer 

 not only to the Ascarides, although they furnish the greater number 

 of such instances, but also to tape-worms which in larger or smaller 

 fragments have been evacuted with the urine (p. 486). 



A new case of this kind has since been communicated to me by 

 Dr. Noll in Hanau. A patient was taken to the hospital there on 

 account of haemorrhage from the urethra, and some days later, 

 with comparatively slight pain, expelled with the urine some living 

 proglottides, which I identified as those of Tcenia saginata. None 

 were to be found in the stools. 



It remains doubtful whether the abnormal symptoms exhibited by 

 the patient in Scheube's case before passing the worm were due to 

 the wandering of the parasite into the ureter, or were to be regarded 

 as the consequence of syphilis ; equally doubtful, too, was the time 

 and the manner of transmission. We cannot, however, be mistaken in 

 supposing that it was a case of straying on the part of the worm, and 

 that the latter was at first lodged, as in Manson's case, in the 

 peritoneum. 



Cobbold considers the worm as a Ligula, even affirming that it is 

 nearer to L. simplicissima, which occurs so abundantly in our river 

 fishes, than to any other Cestode form, though he does not exactly go 

 the length of declaring it merely a variety of the former. I am sorry 

 to be forced to contradict my esteemed fellow- worker and friend. The 

 resemblance between this form and Ligula, especially L. simplicissima, 



