70 CHEIROPTEROUS ANIMALS, 



Marsupialia, Glires, Edentata, Pachyderma, 

 minantia, and Cetacea. Lastly, Mr Swainson, find- 

 ing these and all other arrangements merely artifi- 

 cial, and, with a few other naturalists, convinced 

 that the order of nature is circular and quinary, 

 reduces the primary or ordinal divisions of the Mam- 

 malia to five : Quadrumana, Ferae, Cetacea, Glires, 

 and Ungulata. 



The BATS, which form the subject of this article, 

 occupy different positions in the systems of these 

 authors. In that of Linnaeus, they form the fourth 

 genus of the order Primates, which includes Man, 

 the Monkey tribe, and the Lemurs* They consti- 

 tute, with the genus Galeopithecus, the eleventh or- 

 der of Illiger's system, or the Volitantia. Blumen- 

 bach considers them as constituting an order by 

 themselves, and names them Cheiroptera. Cuvier 

 refers them to his third order, Carnassiers or Car- 

 nivora, of which, with the Galeopitheci, or Flying 

 Lemurs, they form the first family, Cheiropteres, 

 the other families being the Insectivores and the 

 Carnivores. In the arrangement of Mr Swainson, 

 they form the fourth family, Vespertilionidce, of the 

 order Quadrumana, or " Four-handed Quadrupeds," 

 the other orders being the Simiadce, or " Ape 

 Monkeys," the Cebidce, or American Monkeys, and 

 the Lemuridce, or Lemurs. Thus, Linnaeus asso- 

 ciates them with the Lemurs, Monkeys, and Man ; 

 Mr Swainson, with the same animals, man excepted, 

 whom he discards from his system, because he has 

 no " double affinity," there being no " class to which 



