INTRODUCTION. 123 



they belonged to the wealthiest families of Rome, 

 and were managed by servants in Spain, Africa, and 

 the East, without the superintendence of the owners, 

 as mere objects of revenue ; and in a few cases by 

 young men of fashion in Italy, who sought notoriety 

 by being possessors of Pegasidae, a kind of fleet 

 horses, appvKffoi, or double horses, for the purpose 

 of imitating the Desultorii or mountebanks, who 

 vaulted from one to the other ; or Thieldones, which 

 were amblers ; or Guttonarii and Collatorii, trained 

 to step in cadence with their feet high, or perhaps 

 merely trotting ; all arts of education, and not qua- 

 lities of races.* There were, besides, poneys known 

 by the name of Manni, obtained from the Asturian 

 and British provinces, which served for boys to ride, 

 and it was the fashion in summer to shave all the 

 upper parts of their bodies, as is still done with 

 mules in the south of France. But where, in the 

 government statistics, the laws, and colloquial lan- 

 guage, horses were distinguished in the following 

 classification, no notions of races or breeds could be 

 generally entertained : 



at Pampati, near the Mansio Andavilici, not far from Tyana, 

 in Caramania. 



* The horses destined for the circus could not legally be 

 applied to any other purpose, and it became the fashion to 

 talk of their pedigrees in the horse-breeding provinces, such as 

 Spain ; hence Statius, in the second century, says, 



" Titulis generosus Avitis 

 Expectatur equus, cujus de Stemmate longo 

 Felix emeritos habet admissura parentis." 



Lib. v. s. 4. Protrep. ad Crisp, v. 22. 



