THE APPLE. 15 



country, and, indeed, the editors of the Nouveau du Hamel> 

 published in 1835, remark that before travelling in Nor- 

 mandy they knew of but one sort of sweet apple, the 

 Fenouittet, but in the north they found many kinds 

 equally sweet, which were quite unknown in the neigh- 

 bourhood of Paris. Of course, the increased facilities 

 of communication in these days has done much to ex- 

 tend the distribution of provincial growths (though the 

 production, being dependent in a great measure upon 

 climate, would be less apt to vary), and therefore a tole- 

 rable number of apple varieties may now be met with in 

 the markets of the French capital, though the list is still 

 far less complete than ours. At the beginning of the 

 present century much good was effected by the Empress 

 Josephine's encouragement of horticulture, and its flou- 

 rishing state during the time that she was on the throne, 

 compared with the neglect into which it fell afterwards, 

 has caused a very general feeling of respect and regret 

 for her to be entertained by French horticulturists ; one 

 very large and fine apple, of American origin, having 

 been once called the Josephine Apple, though it had 

 been known also by other names, this alone by general 

 consent is now retained ; and Poiteau, in tlms dedicating 

 it to this honoured memory, only wishes, in order that 

 the memorial might be more appropriate, " that this were 

 the best of apples, as she was the best of women." 

 This Josephine Apple has the peculiarity of approaching 

 in internal structure to the special characteristic of the 

 quince, the cells of the core containing each three or 

 four pips, instead of only one or two, as is usually the 

 case in apples.* 



Another peculiar French kind, the Cceur du Pigeon, 

 are sometimes called Jerusalem Apples, because the core 

 usually consists of but four cells instead of five, thus 

 forming a cross when cut horizontally; while in yet 

 another, the ~Belle-fleur, the smaller fruits offer nothing 

 remarkable, but in those which grow to large size the par- 

 titions of the cells break down and disappear altogether, 



* See Plate II., fig. 4. 



