CULTIVATION. 185 



tiles are 1|- inches, 2^ inches, and 3'| indies in inte- 

 rior diameter. Sections of, the 2^ inch make coHars 

 for the 1\ inch, and sections of the 3| inch make 

 collars for the 2^ inch. Tlie 3^ inch does not need 

 collars, as it is easily secured in place, and is only 

 used when the flow of water would be sufiicient to 

 wash out the slight quantity of foreign matters that 

 might enter at the joints." * 



Fig. 4— Sole TUe. 



This tile is made (like the horse-shoe and pipe tile) 

 of common brick clay, and is burned the &ame as 

 bricks. It is about one half or three quarters of an 

 inch thick. The orifice through which the water 

 passes is egg-shaped, having its smallest curve at the 

 bottom. This shape is the one most easily kept clear, 

 as any particles of dirt which get into the drain 

 must fall immediately to the point where even the 

 smallest stream of water runs, and are thus removed. 

 An orifice of about two inches rise is sufficient for the 

 smaller drains, while the main drains require larger 

 tiles. 



These tiles are so laid that their ends will touch 

 each other, on the bottoms of the trenches, and are 

 kept in position by having the earth tightly packed 



* Draining for Profit and Draining for Health, by G. E. Waring, 

 Jr. page 81. 



