186 CULTIVATION. 



around tbera. Care must be taken tliat no space is 

 left between the ends of- tbe tiles, as dirt would be 

 liable to get in and cboke tbe drain. Tliis niaj be 

 best prevented by tbe use of collars / but if sole tiles 

 are used, as collars cannot be fitted to tliem, it is well 

 to cover the top of the joint with a verj^ small rope 

 of twisted grass, secured by a stone or lump, of clay 

 on each end, or to lay on the joint a saddle of bent 

 tin, zinc, or galvanized iron, which may be obtained 

 at little cost from a tinsmith, cut from pieces in the 

 waste-heap. 



The ditches for tile draining may be narrowed in, 



at the bottom, to a width barely sufficient for the 



workman's foot. In filling-in, after the tile is laid, 



care should be taken that no stones large enough to 



break the tile be allowed to fall upon them. After 



the tiles are covered to a depth of a foot or eighteen 



inches, the filling should be trodden, or pounded, 



firmly down, so as to fit closely around the tiles, and 



leave no space for water to circulate about them. 



^r:.- - .-- ;«^ Tile drains are made with 



.^ much less labor than the stone 



'^^^ drains, as they require less dig- 



■^ ;Q. ging, while the breaking up of 



^ ■ Mk the stone for the stone drain 



''< .; "'^^^^M^ w'ill be usually more expen- 



pjg 5 sive than the tiles. Drains 



o— Tile drain trench. made with large stones are not 



^>— Stone drain trench, nearly SO good as witli small 



c-Sod laid on the stone, ^^^pg^ because they are more 



liable to be choked up by animals working in them. 



