CULTIVATION. 193 



in sprouts from the upper parts of their roots, or 

 from the joints of the roots. These sprouts become 

 independent plants, and continue to tiller ( thus 

 keeping the land supplied with a full growth), until 

 the roots of the stools (or clumps of tillers), come 

 ill contact with an uncongenial part of the soil, 

 when the tillering ceases ; the stools become extinct 

 on the death of their plants, and the grasses run 

 out. 



The open and healthy condition of soil pro- 

 duced by draining prevents the tillering from being 

 stopped so long as the fertility of the soil lasts, and 

 thus keeps up a full growth of grass until the nutri- 

 ment of the soil is exhausted. 



9. Draining enahles us to deejyen the surface-soil, 

 because the admission of air and the decay of roots, 

 ( which descend much deeper in drained than in un- 

 drained land,) render the condition of the sub-soil 

 such, that it may be brought up and mixed with the 

 surface-soil, without injuring its quality. 



The second class of advantages of under-drain- 

 ing, arising in the removal of the excess of water 

 in the soil, are quite, as important as those just de- 

 scribed. 



10. Soils are, thereby, rendered earlier in sjyringy 

 because the water, which rendered them cold, heavy, 

 and untillable, is earlier removed, leaving them ear- 

 lier in a growing condition, 



11. The throioing out of grain in winter is les- 

 sened, because the water falling on the earth is im- 

 mediately removed instead of remaining to throw up 



9 



