IV 



CONTENTS 



Page 

 2. Normal and Experimental Pol- 

 lination (Continued). 

 Chamaenerium angustifolium (Cont.). 



Behavior 45 



Experiments 48 



Change of position 48 



Racemes inverted 48 



Mutilation 48 



Floral envelopes removed. . . 48 

 Upper petals and the in- 

 cluded sepal removed .... 49 

 Stamens and style removed . 49 

 Artificial and painted flowers. . 51 



Crepe-paper corollas 51 



Painted corollas 51 



Addition of honey and odor. . . 52 



Honey 52 



Odor 52 



Perfumes 53 



Flavoring extracts 53 



Summary 54 



Pachylophus caespitosus 54 



Normal pollination 54 



Habit and structure 54 



Behavior 55 



Experiments 56 



Artificial flowers 56 



Crepe-paper flowers 56 



Petals obscured 56 



Mentzelia multiflora 56 



Normal pollination 56 



Habit and structure 56 



Experiments 56 



Crepe-paper flowers and com- 

 petition 57 



Crepe-paper corollas 57 



Summary 58 



Frasera speciosa 58 



Normal pollination 58 



Habit and structure 58 



Behavior 58 



Experiments 59 



Mutilation 59 



Types 59 



Artificial and painted flowers. . 59 



Crepe-paper corollas 59 



Painted corollas 60 



False corollas 61 



Addition of nectar and odor. . . 61 



Nectar 61 



Summary 61 



Mertensia pratensis 62 



Normal pollination 62 



Behavior 62 



Experiments 63 



Mutilation 63 



Changes of corolla 63 



Castilleia miniata 63 



Normal pollination 63 



Habit and structure 63 



Behavior 63 



Experiments 64 



Mutilation 64 



Upper lip removed, spike in- 

 verted 64 



Painted flowers 64 



Painted bracts 64 



Page 

 2. Normal and Experimental Pol- 

 lination (Continued). 



Pentstemon glaber 65 



Normal pollination 65 



Habit and structure 65 



Behavior 65 



Calendars 66 



Experiments 68 



Change of position 68 



Racemes inverted 68 



Racemes horizontal 70 



Mutilation 70 



Cotton at the corolla mouth. 70 

 Styles, stamens, and stami- 



node removed 70 



Corolla split 70 



Corolla lips separated and 



staminode raised 71 



Upper lip removed at the 



throat 71 



Lower lip shortened half. ... 71 



Lower lip removed 71 



Lower lip and part of the 



tube removed 71 



Lips removed except lower 



lobe 71 



Corolla tube shortened half. 71 



Petals separated 71 



Lower lip split into three 



petals 71 



Tube end of a corolla slipped 



over the staminode 72 



Comparative relations 72 



Artificial and painted flowers. . . 72 



Crepe-paper corollas 72 



Corolla painted with water- 

 colors 72 



Honey and odor 72 



Sirup added 72 



Pentstemon gracilis 73 



Normal pollination 73 



Habit and structure 73 



Behavior 73 



Calendars 74 



Experiments 75 



Change of position 75 



Racemes inverted 75 



Racemes horizontal 75 



Mutilation 75 



Landing-platform removed. . 75 

 Brush of staminode removed 75 

 Anthers and recurved por- 

 tion of upper lip removed 75 

 Upper lip partly removed. . 75 

 Lobes of upper lip separated 75 



Petals split to the base 76 



Pentstemon glaucus 76 



Normal pollination 76 



Normal behavior 76 



Experiments 76 



Mutilation 76 



Upper lobes split to base ... 76 



Lower lip removed 76 



Outer lobes of lower lip re- 

 moved 76 



Staminode removed 76 



