GERANIUM CAESPITOSUM. 

 Table 28. — Visitors to normal and mutilated flowers. 



43 



In all cases where there were two or more mutilations, these received 

 relatively twice as many visitors as the normal flowers. The removal 

 of the petals practically eliminated visits, while shortening them decreased 

 the number markedly. The excision of the stamens, or of these and the 

 style, led to the greatest increase as a rule, probably because of the exposure 

 of the nectar. The use of cotton to mask the stamens or nectar openings 

 reduced the number of visitors in comparison with many of the other 

 mutilations, but not below that for the normal flowers. 



ARTIFICIAL AND PAINTED FLOWERS. 



Crepe-paper corollas. — The corollas were replaced by crepe-paper ones 

 of the same size and form as the normal and of the colors indicated in 

 table 29. Four of each color or a total of 20 crepe corollas were used, 

 together with 4 flowers with normal corollas. 



Table 29. — Visitors to normal and crepe-paper flowers. 



In spite of the fact that the table shows 37 visits to artificial flowers to 

 63 for normal, the latter were only one-fifth as numerous and hence appear 

 to have been about ten times as attractive. The contrast between red and 

 green on the one hand and yellow, blue, and white on the other suggests 

 that the bees were influenced in some degree by the brightness of the colors. 



ADDITION OF HONEY AND ODOR. 

 Honey. — A drop of honey was put on the petals of half of the flowers. 

 Bombus juxtus landed at a normal flower and then at one with the honey- 



