CHAMAENERIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM. 



51 



regard to the type of mutilation. It is significant that the removal of the 

 petals or the perianth reduced the number of visitors more than half in 

 every case, and with a single exception had a somewhat similar effect 

 upon visits. The flowers with stamens or styles or both excised were treated 

 essentially as normal ones, but those with ovary and nectary alone left 

 received practically five times as many visitors and visits, probably owing 

 to the greater fragrance and accessibility of the nectar. 



ARTIFICIAL AND PAINTED FLOWERS. 

 Crepe-paper corollas. — Red, blue, green, white, or yellow corollas 

 were made to simulate and replace the normal ones, leaving the stamens 

 and style intact. No bees went to the flowers with crepe corollas, not 

 even to those in which a drop of honey was placed on the nectary. At 

 another trial of crepe corollas no visitors were attracted until a drop of 

 diluted honey was put on the nectary, and even then but one bee, Bombus 

 juxtus, came to the flowers for a chance visit. In another experiment, 

 half of the flowers on the raceme were left normal and paper corollas were 

 alternated, as it was thought that the habit of going from one flower to 

 the next would cause some of the bees to stop at those with artificial corollas. 

 In spite of this, not one bee stopped at a flower with crepe corolla, although 

 they flew low to inspect them. 



Painted corollas. — Natural corollas were painted with water-colors 

 on the upper side. While the texture of the petal is such that the colors 

 do not spread uniformly over the surface, they show up very well. Table 38 

 gives the results of these experiments, 5 flowers of each color and 10 normal 

 ones being used in each case. The first observations were made on July 21 

 from 8 to 10 a. m. and the second on the following day from 9 to 10 a. m. 



Table 38. — Visits to normal and painted flowers. 



While there were a few more visits to the painted than to the normal 

 flowers, the former were 2.5 times more numerous and the actual ratio of 

 normal to painted is 103:44. Bombus juxtus made 203 of the total of 214 

 visits to all kinds of flowers. It showed no pronounced color preference, 



