60 



NORMAL AND EXPERIMENTAL POLLINATION. 



at the place where the nectar should be. It felt around for the nectary, 

 went to the next petal and did the same thing, then to a red-crepe flower 

 and repeated this behavior. Apis mellifica avoided the artificial flowers 

 altogether. 



Painted corollas. — Flowers were painted blue, yellow, red, green, or 

 purple with water-colors. The following calendars show the flowers 

 visited by the different bees; visits to normal flowers are shown by number 

 alone. 



Calendar 1. — Visitors to painted flowers. 



10 h 45 m Apis mellifica, 1, blue, 1. 



10 51 Apis mellifica, yellow, yellow, 2, blue, 1. 



Andrena crataegi, 1, red, 3. 



Apis mellifica, 1; Bombus juxtus, 1, 



10 54 

 10 58 



ll h 05 m Apis mellifica, 2, blue. 



11 10 A. mellifica, 1, blue, 3, blue; Bombus 

 juxtus, 1, 3, 2 yellow, 1, red, 2, 

 green, 1, blue, green, blue, 1, 

 green, 1. 



11 20 Bombus juxtus, 1; Apis mellifica, red, 1. 



On the next day the same experiment was repeated with the following 



results : 



Calendar 2. 



11 00 Apis mellifica, yellow, red, 1. 



10 h 47 n 

 10 49 



10 52 

 10 56 



10 h 27 m Apis mellifica, blue, 4. 



10 28 A. mellifica, 6, 1, red, 3. 



10 30 A. mellifica, blue, 5; Bombus juxtus, 6. 



10 38 Bombus juxtus, yellow, blue, 1 ; Apis 



mellifica, 6, blue, 1, blue, 4. 

 10 41 Apis mellifica, green, red, 1. 

 10 43 Apis mellifica, 3. 

 10 44 Halictus pulzenus, 3; Apis mellifica, 



blue, 5. 



The results shown by these two calendars are summed up in table 46. 

 The first section represents the visits during a 35-minute period and the 

 second those made on the next day, but covering a period of 90 minutes; 

 20 normal flowers and 5 of each color were used. 



Bombus juxtus, 1; Apis mellifica, 



yellow, green, 1. 

 Apis mellifica, red, yellow, 1; Halictus 



pulzenus, 1. 

 Apis mellifica, 1, blue, 1, red, 1. 

 Apis mellifica, red, yellow, 8; Bombus 



juxtus, 6, 6, red. 

 10 58 Apis mellifica, 1. 



The total number of visits to the painted flowers was less than half that 

 for the normal. The behavior was decidedly different for the two days, 

 the bees making two-thirds as many visits to the painted as to the normal 

 on the first, and only a fourth as many on the second. The most striking 



