DESCBIPTIONS OF PLATES. 273 



Plate 8. Life-history of flowers: Chamaenerium angustifolium, X2: (1) bud hanging; 

 (2) bud rising; (3) bud in section, horizontal, beginning to open; (4) flower 

 open, style reflexed, stamens whole; (5) 2 longer stamens shedding; (6) 4 

 longer stamens shedding, style hanging; (7) 4 anthers shrunken and 4 shed- 

 ding, stigma lobes spreading; (8) all anthers shrunken, hanging, stigma lobes 

 recurved, receptive; (9) petals closed, stigma projecting; (10) flower withering. 



Plate 9. Life-history of flowers: Pachylophus caespitosus, XI: (1) bud in section, an- 

 thers shedding; (2) bud opening, stigma lobes protruding; (3) stigma lobes 

 separating; (4) stigma lobes horizontal; (5) flower fully open, anthers shed; 

 (6) petals erect, corolla closing; (7) petals withering, bringing anthers against 

 stigma lobes; (8) corolla wilted. 



Plate 10. Life-history of flowers: Pirola ellipiica, X2: (1) bud in section, pores 

 directed inward; (2) flower opening, style appearing, straight, pores still 

 closed but directed downward; (3) pores open, downward, style curved, 

 bringing stigma under pores; (4) style full length, curved forward, carpels 

 enlarged, petals fallen. Frasera speciosa, Xl.5: (5) bud in section; (6) flower 

 half open, anthers vertical, introrse; (7) flower open, anthers horizontal; (8) 

 anthers extrorse; (9) 1 anther shedding; (10) 2 opposite anthers shedding; 

 (11) 3 anthers shedding; (12) 2 anthers shedding and 2 shed; (13) petals erect, 

 flower half closed; (14) flower tightly closed, stamens projecting. Gentiana 

 amarella, X2: (15) bud in section, stamens introrse, short; (16) bud in sec- 

 tion, anthers horizontal, level with style; (17) anthers extrorse, shedding; 



(18) anthers shed, stigmas recurved; (19) flower closed, stigmas closed, pistil 

 enlarged, corolla withering. 



Plate 11. Life-history of flowers: Gilia aggregata, Xl.5: (1) bud, anthers whole; 

 (2) bud, anthers shedding; (3) corolla lobes erect, anthers mostly shed; (4) 

 lobes spread, style elongated; (5) lobes reflexed, anthers all shed, style longer, 

 stigmas opening; (6) stigma lobes fully spread, receptive; (7) corolla fallen, 

 style still turgid. Gilia pinnatifida, X3: (8) flower half open, 1 stamen out; 

 (9) flower open, 2 stamens out; (10) 3 stamens out; (11) first anther shed; (12) 

 2 anthers shed, style one-half length; (13) 3 anthers shed, style two-thirds 

 length; (14) all anthers shed, style full length; (15) stamens shrunken, stig- 

 mas turgid. Mertensia sibirica, X2: (16) bud in section; (17) bud partly 

 open, style protruding, receptive; (18) anthers shedding, style elongating; 



(19) style as long as corolla; (20) anthers shed; (21) corolla wilting and clos- 

 ing, style bent. Lithospermum multiftorum, X2: (22) bud in section, about 

 two-thirds grown; (23) flower just open, anthers shedding; (24) corolla lobes 

 spreading; (25) anthers shed; (26) style lengthening, stigma lobes separating; 

 (27) corolla fallen. 



Plate 12. Life-history of flowers: Pentstemon glaber, X2: (1) flower just open, an- 

 thers whole; (2) upper pair of anthers shedding; (3) upper pair shed, lower 

 shedding; (4) anthers all shed, style elongated; (5) stigma curved down- 

 ward; (6) corolla fallen, stigma turgid; (7) longisection of stage 2; (8) longi- 

 section of stage 5. 



Plate 13. Life-history of flowers: Castilleia miniata, X2: (1) corolla in calyx, 7 mm. 

 long; (2) corolla 10 mm. beginning to open; (3) corolla 15 mm., stigma 

 protruding, receptive; (4) outside view of full-grown calyx with stigma ex- 

 serted; (5) section of preceding; (6) style 3 mm. long, erect; (7) section of 

 preceding, showing the pollen mass; (8) corolla full length, style 5 mm. long; 

 (9) style withering at tip; (10) style reflexed, corolla withering. Monarda 

 fistulosa, X2: (11) bud in section, anthers cracking; (12) flower open, anthers 

 shedding; (13) stigma projecting; (14) stamens withering, style elongated, 

 stigma lobes spread; (15) lower lip withering; (16) corolla and style withering. 



