WINTER AND SPRING WHEAT 129 



similar in appearance to common wheat. From an economic 

 standpoint, emmer is best compared with barley or oats, as 

 it is grown in this country only for feed. It is better adapted 

 to dry-land conditions than common wheat, and is of some 

 importance where the rainfall is limited. 



Varieties of common wheat are numerous, but varietal 

 names, as in other common crops, are very misleading on 

 account of the natural variation due to wide distribution. 



167. Winter Wheat. From 60 to 70 per cent of the 

 wheat grown in the United States is winter wheat; a large 

 proportion of this is of the Turkey variety, which is the 

 standard hard winter wheat. The hard winter wheats are 

 grown largely in Kansas and Nebraska; the soft winter 

 varieties are produced in the states east of the Mississippi 

 River. The leading states in the production of winter wheat 

 are Kansas, Nebraska, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Missouri, 

 Pennsylvania, Oklahoma, and Texas; in these states over 

 60 per cent of the winter wheat crop of the United States 

 is produced. The principal limitation to the more extensive 

 production of winter wheat is winterkilling. 



168. Spring Wheat. Minnesota and North and South 

 Dakota produce about 70 per cent of the spring wheat of the 

 United States, a very large proportion of which is either of 

 the fife or bluestem type. There are several varieties of 

 these two types, but in each type the varieties are quite 

 similar. These types do not differ materially in composi- 

 tion or value. They are both standard hard spring wheats. 

 In some sections one kind is preferred, while elsewhere the 

 other seems to be more satisfactory. The chief differences 

 are in the chaff and the habit of shattering. Bluestem 

 wheat has hairy chaff, while the chaff of fife wheat is smooth . 

 The bluestem type is a little more incUned to shatter when 

 mature than the fife. The most popular variety of hard 

 spring wheat at present is the Marquis, an early variety of 

 the fife type. 



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