GLOSSO-PHAKYNGEAL NERVE. 245 



reflex phenomena of deglutition take place mainly through 

 these branches of the fifth, 1 and that the glosso-pharyngeal 

 has little or nothing to do with the process. In fact, after 

 division of both glosso-pharyngeal nerves, deglutition does 

 not seem to be affected. 3 



With these remarks, we dismiss the functions of the 

 glosso-pharyngeals as nerves of general sensibility, and shall 

 consider, in detail, their relations to the sense of taste. 



Relations of the Glosso-Pharyngeal Nerves to Gustation. 

 Physiological writers quote the observations of Panizza, as 

 showing that these nerves preside over the sense of taste. 

 Panizza, however, appears to have been in error in supposing 

 that the nerves under consideration have no influence over 

 general sensibility, and that their section abolishes taste com- 

 pletely. 3 That this exclusive view is erroneous, is sufficiently 

 well shown by observations upon the gustatory functions of 

 the chorda tympani. The observations of Panizza appeared 

 in 1834 ; and, in 1839, Valentin published a number of ex- 

 periments, in which the views of Panizza were apparently 

 confirmed, and he also asserted that taste was abolished by 

 section of both glosso-pharyngeals in dogs. 4 There can be 

 no doubt, from these and other experiments, that the glosso- 

 pharyngeals are nerves of taste and are distributed to the 

 base of the tongue ; and it is probable that those who have 

 denied this property have mistaken for the glosso-pharyngeals 

 the pharyngeal branches of the spinal accessory. 6 



In the experiments both of Panizza and Valentin, after 



1 See vol. iv., Nervous System, pp. 195, 217. 



2 LONGET, Traite de physiologic, Paris, 1869, tome iii., p. 507. 



WALLER ET PREVOST, fitude relative aux nerfs sensitifs que president aux phe- 

 nomenes reflexes de la deglutition. Archives de physiologic, Paris, 1870, tome iii., 

 p. 353. 



8 LONGET, op. cit., p. 504. 



LUSANNA, Archives de physiologic, Paris, 1869, tome ii., p. 21. 



4 VALENTIN, De Functionihus Nervorum Cerebralium et Nervi Sympathici, 

 Bernae, 1839, p. 41. 



6 LONGET, Traite de physiologic, Paris, 1869, tome iii., p. 504. 



