428 GENERATION. 



with corresponding malformations of the genital organs. "We 

 may, for example, have a large development of the clitoris, 

 descent of the ovaries, more or less complete occlusion of the 

 vagina, and union of the labia majora, so that it is difficult 

 to determine the sex from an external examination ; and op- 

 posite vices of formation may occur in the male, the testicles 

 remaining in the pelvic cavity. It is not surprising, there- 

 fore, that beings have existed of undetermined sex, and many 

 cases of this kind are on record. In a recent article by Lau- 

 gier, under the head of " hermaphrodisme Msexuel" two cases 

 are quoted in which, apparently, the two sexes were combined. 

 The first case was presented to the Medical Society of Vi- 

 enna, by Rokitansky, in 1869. This case presented, on post- 

 mortem examination, two ovaries with their Fallopian tubes, 

 a rudimentary uterus, a testicle, and a vas deferens contain- 

 ing spermatozoids. This individual menstruated, had an im- 

 perfect penis and a bifid scrotum. The sexual indifference 

 was absolute. The second case was published by Heppner, 

 in 1872. This was a child, six weeks old, which had been 

 preserved in alcohol for several years. It presented ovaries, 

 Fallopian tubes, a uterus, and a vagina opening into the ure- 

 thra. There were also two bodies which were shown, on mi- 

 croscopical examination, to be testicles, a penis with hypo- 

 spadia, and a prostate ; but there were neither vesiculse semi- 

 nales nor vasa deferentia. 1 



Development of the Circulatory System. 



The blood and the blood-vessels are developed very early 

 in the life of the ovum, and make their appearance nearly as 

 soon as the primitive trace. The mode of development of 



1 LAUGIER, Nbuveau dictionnaire de medecine, etc., Paris, 1873, tome xvii., p. 

 505, Article, Hermaphrodisme. 



Owing to errors in the references given by Laugier, we have not been able 

 to consult the original reports of the two cases quoted above. It is unfor- 

 tunate that no mention is made of Graafian follicles, in the case quoted from 

 Kokitansky, and that the details of the case quoted from Heppner are so incom- 

 plete. 



