328 THE PHYSIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION 



pregnant animals, or ovaries in a state of relative quiescence 

 like those of anoestrous animals). 



The effects of ovarian medication are discussed at some 

 length in a memoir by Bestion de Camboulas, 1 who describes a 

 large number of experiments upon dogs, rabbits, and guinea- 

 pigs, as well as a series of clinical observations. Experiments 

 were performed on male animals as well as on female ones. The 

 lethal injection of ovarian extract was found to be about twice 

 as much in non-pregnant females as in males or pregnant females. 

 With non-toxic doses the females gained weight, but the males 

 lost weight. The lesions discovered after lethal doses were 

 congestion of the viscera, and minute haemorrhages in the 

 dorsal and lumbar regions of the spinal cord. Bestion also 

 administered ovarian extract to his patients, and states that 

 he obtained distinctly beneficial results. Menopause troubles 

 are described as either disappearing altogether or becoming 

 much ameliorated, while rapid improvement was observed in 

 cases of chlorosis and amenorrhcea. Bestion says that ovarian 

 extract should never be administered to pregnant women, 

 since it causes such grave results when given to pregnant animals. 



Jentzner and Beuttner 2 found that the subcutaneous in- 

 jection of ovarian extract in castrated animals did not supply 

 the place of living ovarian substance, and Mr. Carmichael and 

 the present writer 3 experienced a similar result after making a 

 series of intra-peritoneal injections of commercial extract, 

 the uterine atrophy which followed ovariotomy being in no 

 degree diminished. 



It has been shown that the ovary possesses considerable 

 capacity for regenerating tissue after partial removal, and also 

 that if one ovary is extirpated the remaining one may undergo 

 an apparent increase in size, which is probably of the nature of 

 a compensatory hypertrophy. These facts may perhaps be re- 

 garded as supplying some further evidence that the ovary is an 

 organ of internal secretion 4 (cf. the testis, p. 314). 



1 Bestion de Camboulas, " Le Sue Ovarien," Paris, 1898. 



2 Jentzner and Beuttner, " Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Frage der 

 Castratinsatrophie," Zeitschr. /. Geburtsh. u. Gynak., vol. xlii., 1900. 



3 Carmichael and Marshall, loc. cit. 



4 Carmichael and Marshall, " On the Occurrence of Compensatory Hyper- 

 trophy in the Ovary," Jour, of Phys., vol. xxxvi., 1908. 



