viii CONTENTS. 



PAGE 



568. The meaning of the terms "ascending" and "descending" de- 

 generation, and the inferences to be drawn from them . . . 875 



569. The connections of the nerve roots; of the anterior root; of the 



posterior root, median, lateral and intermediate bundles . . 876 



570. The special features of the several regions of the spinal cord. The 

 conus medullaris, the lumbar and cervical swellings. Variations 

 in the sectional area of the white matter 878 



571. Variations in the sectional area of the grey matter .... 880 



572. The relative size, form and features of transverse sections of the 



cord at different levels 881 



573. Variations in the disposition of nerve cells and groups of nerve cells 



at different levels 885 



574. Variations in the several columns of white matter at different levels. 886 



575. The course of the crossed and of the direct pyramidal tract along 



the length of the cord 888 



576. The course of the cerebellar tract along the length of the cord . 890 



577. The course of the median posterior tract along the length of the 



cord 891 



578. The course of the antero-lateral ascending tract along the length of 



the cord 895 



579. The nature of the grey matter of the cord ; the segmental ground 



work, the nerve cells 895 



580. The nature and relation to the grey matter of the tracts of white 



matter 899 



581. Longitudinal commissural tracts, and transverse connections . . 900 



SECTION III. 

 THE REFLEX ACTIONS OF THE CORD. 



582. The difficulties attending the experimental investigation of the cen- 

 tral nervous system; 'shock' and other effects of an operation . 902 



583. The differences, as regards reflex movements, between different 



kinds of animals 904 



584. The features of a reflex act dependent on the character of the 



afferent impulses 905 



585. The complex nature of the central processes in a reflex movement . 906 



586. The characters of a reflex movement dependent on the strength of 



the stimulus 906 



587. The characters of a reflex movement dependent on the part of the 



body to which the stimulus is applied 907 



588. The complexity of many reflex movements ; their relation to intel- 

 ligence 908 



589. Keflex movements coordinated by afferent impulses other than the 



exciting impulses ; relations to consciousness .... 910 



590. The characters of a reflex movement determined by the intrinsic 



condition of the cord 912 



591. The reflex movements carried out by the spinal cord in man . . 912 



592. Keflex actions resulting in changes other than movements . . 914 



593. The inhibition of reflex actions .915. 



594. The time required for reflex actions . 918 



