xiv CONTENTS. 



SECTION III. 

 THE HEART. 



The Phenomena of the Normal Beat. 



PAGE 



126. The visible movements 231 



127. The cardiac cycle ; the series of events constituting a beat . . 232 



128. The change of form 235 



129. The cardiac impulse 237 



130. The sounds of the heart 238 



131. Endocardiac pressure. Methods of determining this. Cardiac sound 

 and tambour. Piston and membrane manometers. General 



features of the curve of endocardiac pressure .... 241 



132. The output of the heart ; the methods of determining this . . 247 



The Mechanism of the Beat. 



133. The curves obtained by means of cardiograph and the myocardio- 



graph. The curve of ventricular pressure compared with these 250 

 134. The pressure in the ventricle compared with that in the aorta. The 

 differential manometer or manometer balance. The teachings 



of this comparison 253 



135. Minimum and maximum manometers. The negative pressure in 



the cardiac cavities 260 



136. The duration of the several phases of the cardiac cycle . . . 262 



137. Summary of the events constituting a beat 265 



138. The work done . 267 



SECTION IV. 

 THE PULSE. 



139. Methods of recording the pulse. The sphygmograph, sphygmoscope 



and other instruments. The pulse curve 269 



140. Pulse tracing from an artificial model ; the nature of the pulse 



wave 273 



141. The characters of the pulse curve; influence of pressure exerted by 



lever 276 



142. The changes undergone by the pulse wave along the arterial tract . 277 



143. The velocity of the pulse wave 278 



144. The length of the pulse wave 279 



145. Secondary waves. Katacrotic and anacrotic tracings . . . 280 



146. The dicrotic wave : its causes 282 



147. Circumstances determining the prominence of the dicrotic wave . 285 



148. The predicrotic wave. Anacrotic waves ...... 286 



149. Venous pulse . 287 



