120 SMALL FRUIT CULTUBIST. 



succeed it, but what relation the callus bears to the root 

 is not fully known ; it appears to hold the same relation 

 to it that the cotyledons of some seeds do to the germ, 

 i. e., it supplies the roots with the necessary food until 

 they are able to extract it from the soil themselves. 



The buds from which the stems are produced are dis- 

 tinctly adventitious, that is, they do not arise from any 

 previously formed or latent bud, but are developed from 

 the matter between the bark and wood. From this point 

 the bud originates ; first, by a very minute aggregation 

 of cells, which assumes a conical shape, pressing outward 

 through the bark and up to the surface, where the leaves 

 are spread out to the light and air. Sometimes several 

 buds will be produced on a very small piece of root ; but 

 when this occurs all will be comparatively feeble if they 

 continue to grow. In a majority of such cases the 

 strongest of them will take the lead and the others fail. 



Figure 47 shows a piece of root with two shoots, one of 

 which has reached the surface, and the leaves expanding. 

 Plants grown in this manner are much better than those 

 produced in the natural manner from suckers, because 

 they are more abundantly supplied with fibrous roots. 

 Root cuttings of from one to three inches in length, plant- 

 ed in good soil, will make plants one to three feet high 

 the first season. Plants may also be taken up, and the 

 roots made into cuttings, in the spring, and planted in the 

 same manner as described for those made in the fall. 



When the variety is very scarce, then any small roots 

 may be used for propagating, but in such cases it is best 

 not to attempt it in the open ground, but place them in a 

 propagating house. Cut the roots into pieces of from one- 

 half to one inch long, mix with sand, and place in a warm 

 situation, but not in so high a temperature as to force the 

 formation of buds. When the callus is formed, and buds 

 begin to show themselves upon the surface, which they 

 should do in four to six weeks, place them in soil com- 



