OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. 41 



more Oriole (Icterus galbula) , Vesper Sparrow (Pocecetes gram- 

 ineus) , Chipping Sparrow (Spizella socialis} , Field Sparrow 

 (Spizella pusilla}, Indigo Bunting (Cyanospiza cyanea), Scarlet 

 Tanager (Piranga ervthromelas} , Loggerhead (or Migrant) 

 Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus} , Pine Warbler (Dendroica vigor- 

 sii}, Catbird (Galeoscoptes carolinensis} , Brown Thrasher (Tox- 

 ostoma rufum), House Wren (Troglodytes aedon) , White-breast- 

 ed Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis) , and Bluebird (Sialia sialis). 

 Others of these southern birds barely reach the valleys of the low- 

 er part of the state, or follow them up for only a short distance. 

 Thus the Green Heron (Ardea virescens} follows the streams 

 and lakes of central New Hampshire as far as Winnipesaukee, 

 and a few occur in the lake basin beyond to Ossipee, but from 

 the Transition valleys of the White Mountains it is absent. 

 The range of the White Oak (Quercus alba} in New Hamp- 

 shire nearly coincides with that of this heron. t The tree is one 

 of the more southern varieties and its distribution in the state 

 has been mapped in a general way by W. F. Flint in Hitch- 

 cock's Report. It is not uncommon as far north as Holderness 

 and Ossipee, and in the Connecticut valley slightly farther 

 north at Hanover. 'Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo /era} 

 in former times, and Bob-whites (Colimis virginianus} appear 

 normally to find their breeding range to the south of Lake 

 Winnipesaukee. The Yellow-throated Vireo ( Vireo flavifrons} 

 is another bird of this class. It becomes rare in the upper 

 Merrimack valley, and in the central part of the state is not yet 

 known to occur north of the Lake. The single bird observed 

 by Mr. Bradford Torrey at Franconia is evidently a straggler. 

 So, too, of the Grasshopper Sparrow (AmmJdramus savanna- 

 rum passerinns}, Bartramian Sandpiper (Bartramia longicauda) 

 and Cowbird (Molothrus ater}, few seem ever to pass regularly 

 north of Lake Winnipesaukee in the central and eastern parts 

 of the state, although the broad Connecticut valley, in the west, 

 carries several of these species farther northward than the}* oc- 

 cur in the eastern regions. Thus the Cowbird is common in 

 this valley at least as far up as Lancaster, though practically 

 absent in summer from the entire White Mountain region. 



