OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. 93 



and on Tripyramid (4,184 ft.) where Mr. F. H. Allen saw two 

 in June, 1894, and Mr. R. W. Gray one on Aug. 6, 1899; one 

 was also seen by Mr. Allen on Mt. Osceola (4,352 ft.) in the ear- 

 ly part of the summer of 1898. In the primeval forest of the 

 East Branch of the Pemigewasset, on August 4, 1902, I observed 

 a single bird in a thick balsam swamp so low as 2,000 feet, and 

 another was seen the day previous at about 4,000 feet on a spur 

 of Mt. Hancock. There seems to be no movement of these 

 birds toward the valleys even in severe winter weather. Mr. 

 C. J. Maynard ('72) speaks of the bird as common thirty years 

 ago at Lake Umbagog, where eggs were taken in the latter part 

 of May, and young seen on June 15. On the Carter Range, I 

 saw, on July 24, 1899, an adult female, in company \vith a young 

 bird, hardly larger than a Bob-white, but able to fly readily. 

 Two full grown young were seen together on the same range, 

 Sept. 14, 1900. The crop of a fine male shot on this range in 

 1901, was found to contain a quantity of balsam needles. 



96. Boiiasa umbellus togata (Linn.). CANADIAN 

 RUFFED GROUSE. 



A rather common permanent resident of general distribution, 

 being found throughout all the w r ooded country from the Transi- 

 tion valleys to the upper limit of scrub growth on the White 

 Mountains. 



Typical examples of B '. umbellus umbellus apparently do not 

 occur in New Hampshire. Birds from the southeastern portions 

 of the state are usually more or less intermediate, but nearer 

 togata. Specimens which I have seen from the White Moun- 

 tains seem quite typical of the northern bird, and as stated by 

 Mr. William Bre\vster ('95, p. 406, foot-note) "the dark gray 

 birds which inhabit the primitive coniferous forests of northern 

 Maine and New Hampshire and western Massachusetts are all 

 nearly, or quite typical representatives of togata" 



From year to year, their numbers are subject to more or less 

 variation according as the season is favorable or not. Entire 

 broods remain together throughout the breeding season, and 

 until well into the fall, w r andering about in the woods, and be- 

 coming quite fat on a diet of various berries, leaves, and buds. 



