26 



ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION 



in Prussia and Bavaria 



in Austria 



in Belgium 



in England 



in Sweden . . 



1882-1896 



0.7 



38.6 



18.2 



2.9 



1862-1876 



Si.6 



75-2 



79-5 



25.3 



26.9 0.5 



This method of immunizing against a virulent virus by inoculating with an 

 attenuated form of the same, is known as Jennerization. Pasteur recog- 

 nized that this method had general application and similarly used attenuated 

 but still living cultures, "vaccins" so called, to immunize against hen cholera, 

 swine plague, and anthrax. The same principle underlies Pasteur's anti- 

 rabic vaccination. 



Antirabic Vaccination. 



In all civilized countries there exist special institutions, either directly 

 under the city control or appointed by the city, where the Pasteur treat- 

 ment for rabies is conducted. It is the duty of the general practitioner, 

 on getting a suspicious case of rabies, to advise his patient to undergo this 

 special therapy and to send the rabid animal, its head or brain preserved 

 in glycerin, to the institute as soon as possible for the purpose of ascer- 

 taining the presence of rabies. Up to very recently the actual cause 

 of hydrophobia was unknown. Negri had described parasites, known 

 as Negri bodies, in the large nerve cells of the cerebral cortex, 

 cerebellum, etc. 1 In man, infection usually occurs as a con- 

 Treatment se i uence f the saliva of rabid animals (dog, cat, wolf, skunk) 

 gaining entrance to wounds from bites or scratches. Roux 

 and Nocard found that the saliva of experimentally infected animals is 

 already infectious 2-3 days before the first symptoms appear. Thus, 

 rabies may be transmitted to an individual by an animal apparently 

 healthy at the time. Remlinger has formulated the following very instruc- 

 tive outline referring to the indications for antirabic treatment. 



1. has died within 10 days after the biting, 



2. has been killed within 10 days after the biting, 



3. has disappeared within 10 days after the biting, 



4. is unknown to the individual bitten, 



(a) becomes ill with rabies, 



(b) dies with suspicious symp- 

 toms of rabies or of another 

 disease, 





If the 

 biting 

 animal 



5. has remained alive 

 and under observa- 

 tion for 10 days, 



antirabic 



treatment 



is indicated. 



antirabic 



treatment 



is indicated. 



(c) becomes ill but does 

 die within 10 days, 



not 



(d) remains well both during 



and after this period, 

 1 Noguchi has now succeeded in artificially cultivating the rabic virus. 



further 

 observation, 

 treatment if 

 animal dies. 



no 



treatment. 

 By inoculating 



cultures containing these granular, pleomorphic or nucleated bodies, he has reproduced rabies 

 in dogs, rabbits and guinea-pigs. 



