6 JULIUS VALENTINE HOFMANN 



The Migration Chart shows that the reproduction is much heavier on 

 all of the areas where the slash was left unburned. This is undoubtedly 

 due to the seed and seedlings left on the ground at the time of cutting, as 

 there are no seed trees in the vicinity of areas E, F, and G to reseed them. 

 All of the burned areas adjoining have no reproduction. Areas E, F, and 

 G have seed trees of cedar and hemlock, but no white pine. 



As shown by the Migration Chart, the distance of seeding from the 

 seed trees seldom exceeds 2 chains. 



Conditions where the seedlings were found were very similar to the 

 conditions of the area in general, indicating that no seed had been sown 

 on the areas farther than shown by the Migration Chart. 



These points were borne out by several areas studied in this region. 

 They were also verified by intensive studies on the Yacolt burn of 1902, 

 now in the Columbia National Forest in Southern Washington. This 

 burn covers over 600,000 acres, and areas of hundreds of acres have no 

 green trees left. 



The ^distance of seeding to produce an adequate stand of seedlings, 500 

 to 1,000 per acre, in the localities studied on the Yacolt burn was found 

 to be 2 to 4 chains for Douglas fir, noble fir, and amabilis fir; 3 to 5 

 chains for hemlock, and cedar; and usually 2 chains for white pine. 



GERMINATION OF SEED 



The length of time the seeds of a species require for germination often 

 determines the success or failure of that species on certain sites. On some 

 sites germination conditions are favorable for only a short period, con- 

 sequently in order to take advantage of such periods a seed must germinate 

 quickly. Where seeds of western yellow pine germinate in eight to ten 

 days, the seedlings have a decided advantage over the western white pine, 

 which may take fifteen to twenty days or more to germinate under the 

 same conditions. In situations where the conditions are favorable for 

 only three or four weeks, the early germinating seed assures success to that 

 species, while the seed which germinated slowly may be only beginning to 

 grow when unfavorable conditions occur, with a consequent loss of all 

 germinating seed which has not established its seedlings. 



On the other hand, the habit of dormancy may prove advantageous to 

 a species by preserving the seed until a favorable season stimulates it to 

 growth. By the refusal to respond to the first short favorable period for 

 germination, the following drought may be avoided. Seeds of this character 

 are often early spring germinators after one, two, or even several seasons 

 of storage. This characteristic has been found in western white pine, 

 Douglas fir, sugar pine, incense cedar, and others. When these species 

 were sown in the nursery or seed spotted in the field, the germination 



