SEED CHARACTERISTICS IN CONIFEROUS FORESTS 25 



Species producing large seeds produce comparatively few in number. 



Seed distribution is one of the important factors controlling the estab- 

 lishment of a forest type. 



In the white pine region of Idaho, reproduction by wind-blown seed 

 can not be depended upon for more than 150 feet from the seed trees. 



In the Douglas fir region of the Cascades along the Columbia River, 

 reproduction by wind-blown seed of Douglas fir and its associates can not 

 be depended upon for more than about 300 feet from the seed trees. 



Germination conditions are often unfavorable in a shaded and cool 

 forest floor, hence seed may lie dormant for long periods. 



By the removal of a forest, germinating conditions are improved, 

 and the dormant seed germinates. 



Moisture is the chief factor in the establishment of the seedling, while 

 temperature is often a more important factor in germination. 



The size of the seedling during its early life is directly proportional 

 to the size of the seed. 



A seedling from a large seed becomes permanently established much 

 earlier than a seedling grown from a small seed, hence the former is able 

 to obtain and hold possession of the more unfavorable sites. 



Seed is always present in the forest floor, generally covered with and 

 mixed in a layer of litter and duff. 



This seed is a source of reproduction following forest fires or logging 

 operations. 



Some seed while dormant will withstand severe conditions, as shown 

 by chemical tests. 



Coniferous seeds are known to be viable after two to eight years of 

 storage in the forest floor. 



