MUSCLES OF THE NECK. 179 



Dissection. The three small muscles of the ear may be exposed by 

 removing a square of integument from around the auricula. This 

 operation must be performed with care, otherwise the muscles, 

 which are extremely thin, will be raised with the superficial fascia. 

 They are best dissected by commencing with their tendons, and thence 

 proceeding in the course of their radiating fibres. 



The ATTOLLENS AUREM (superior auris), the largest of the three, is 

 a thin triangular plane of muscular fibres arising from the edge of the 

 aponeurosis of the occipito-frontalis, and inserted into the upper part of 

 the concha. 



It is in relation by its external surface with the integument, and by 

 the internal with the temporal aponeurosis. 



The ATTRAHENS AUREM (anterior auris), also triangular, arises 

 from the edge of the aponeurosis of the occipito-frontalis, and is in- 

 serted into the anterior part of the helix, covering in the anterior and 

 posterior temporal arteries. 



It is in relation by its external surface with the integument ; and 

 by the internal with the temporal aponeurosis and with the temporal 

 artery and veins. 



The RETRAHENS AUREM (posterior auris), arises by three or four 

 muscular slips from the mastoid process. They are inserted into the 

 posterior surface of the concha. 



It is in relation by its external surface with the integument, and by 

 its internal surface with the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. 



Actions. The muscles of the auricular region possess but little 

 action in man ; they are the analogues of important muscles in brutes. 

 Their use is sufficiently explained in their names. 



MUSCLES OF THE NECK. 



The muscles of the neck may be arranged into eight groups corres- 

 ponding with the natural divisions of the region ; they are the 



1. Superficial group. 



2. Depressors of the os hyoides and larynx, 



3. Elevators of the os hyoides and larynx. 



4. Lingual group. 



5. Pharyngeal group. 



6. Soft palate group. 



7. Praevertebral group. 



8. Proper muscles of the larynx. 



And each of these groups consists of the following muscles: viz. 



1 . Superficial Group. 2. Depressors of Hie os 



Platysma-myoides, hyoides and larynx. 



Sterno-cleido-mastoideus. Sterno-hyoideus, 



Sterno-thyroideus, 

 Thyro-hyoideus, 

 Omo-hyoideus. 



