1 92 PALATO-GLOSSUS. PALATO-PHARYNGEUS. 



This muscle must be turned down from its origin on one side, and 

 removed, and the superior constrictor dissected away from its ptery- 

 goid origin, to bring the next muscle into view. 



The TENSOR PALATI (circumflexus) is a slender and flattened 

 muscle ; it arises from the scaphoid fossa at the base of the internal 

 pterygoid plate and from the anterior aspect of the Eustachian tube. 

 It descends to the hamular process around which it turns, and expands 

 into a tendinous aponeurosis, which is inserted into the transverse ridge 

 on the horizontal portion of the palate bone, and into the raphe. 



Relations. By its external surface with the internal pterygoid 

 muscle ; by its internal surface with the levator palati, internal ptery- 

 goid plate, and superior constrictor. In the soft palate, its tendinous 

 expansion is placed in front of the other muscles and in contact with 

 the mucous membrane. 



The AZYGOS UVULAE is not a single muscle, as might be inferred 

 from its name, but a pair of small muscles placed side by side in 

 the middle line of the soft palate. They arise from the spine of the 

 palate bone, and are inserted into the uvula. By their anterior surface 

 they are connected with the tendinous expansion of the levatores 

 palati, and by the posterior with the mucous membrane. 



The two next muscles are brought into view throughout the whole 

 of their extent, by raising the mucous membrane from off the pillars 

 of the soft palate at each side. 



The PALATO-GLOSSUS (constrictor isthmi faucium) is a small fascicu- 

 lus of fibres that arises in the soft palate, and descends to be inserted 

 into the side of the tongue. It is the projection of this small muscle, 

 covered by mucous membrane, that forms the anterior pillar of the 

 soft palate. It has been named constrictor isthmi faucium from a 

 function it performs in common with the palato-pharyngeus, viz. of 

 constricting the opening of the fauces. 



The PALATO-PHARYNGEUS forms the posterior pillar of the fauces ; 

 it arises by an expanded fasciculus from the lower part of the soft 

 palate, where its fibres are continuous with those of the muscle of the 

 opposite side ; and is inserted into the posterior border of the thyroid 

 cartilage. This muscle is broad above where it forms the whole thick- 

 ness of the lower half of the soft palate, narrow in the posterior pillar, 

 and again broad and thin in the pharynx where it spreads out pre- 

 viously to its insertion. 



Relations. In the soft palate it is in relation with the mucous 

 membrane both by its anterior and posterior surface ; above, with the 

 muscular layer formed by the levator palati, and below with the mu- 

 cous glands situated along the margin of the arch of the palate. In 



muscles ; the inferior pair, to the genio-hyoidei. 15. The attachment of the 

 mylo-hyoideus of one side and part of the opposite. 16. The anterior attach- 

 ments of the digastric muscles. 17. The depression on the lower jaw corres- 

 ponding with the submaxillary gland. The depression above the mylo-hyoideus, 

 on which the number 15 rests, corresponds with the situation of the sublingual 

 gland. 



