GLUTEUS MED1US. 253 



The gluteus maximus must be turned down from its origin, in order 

 , to bring the next muscles into view. 



The GLUTEUS MEDIUS is placed in front of, rather than beneath the 

 gluteus maximus ; and is covered in by a process of the deep fascia, 

 which is very thick and dense. It arises from the outer lip of the 

 crest of the ilium for four-fifths of its length, from the surface of bone 

 between that border and the superior curved line on the dorsum ilii, 

 and from the dense fascia above mentioned. Its fibres converge to 

 the outer part of the trochanter major, into which its tendon is 

 inserted. 



Relations. By its superficial surface with the tensor vaginae femoris, 

 gluteus maximus, and its fascia. By its deep surface with the gluteus 

 minimus, and gluteal vessels and nerves. By its lower border with 

 the pyriformis muscle. A bursa is interposed between its tendon and 

 the upper part of the trochanter major. 



This muscle should now be removed from its origin and turned 

 down, so as to expose the next which is situated beneath it. 



The GLUTEUS MINIMUS is a radiated muscle, arising from the sur- 

 face of the dorsum ilii, between the superior and inferior curved 

 lines ; its fibres converge to the anterior border of the trochanter 

 major, into which it is inserted by means of a rounded tendon. 

 There is no distinct line of separation between the gluteus medius 

 and minimus anteriorly. 



Relations. By its superficial surface with the gluteus medius, and 

 gluteal vessels. By its deep surface with the surface of the ilium, the 

 long tendon of the rectus femoris, and the capsule of the hip-joint. 

 A bursa is interposed between the tendon of the muscle and the 

 trochanter. 



The PYRIFORMIS muscle (pyrum, a pear, i. e. pear-shaped) arises 

 from the anterior surface of the sacrum, by little slips that are inter- 

 posed between the first and fourth anterior sacral foramina, and from 

 the adjoining surface of the ilium. It passes out of the pelvis, through 

 the great sacro-ischiatic foramen, and is inserted by a rounded tendon 

 into the trochanteric fossa of the femur. 



Relations. By its superficial or external surface with the sacrum 

 and gluteus maximus. By its deep or pelvic surface with the rectum, 

 the sacral plexus of nerves, the branches of the internal iliac artery, 

 the great sacro-ischiatic notch, and the capsule of the hip-joint. 

 By its upper border with the gluteus medius and gluteal vessels and 

 nerves. By its lower border with the gemellus superior, ischiatic, 

 vessels and nerves, and internal pudic vessels and nerve. 



The GEMELLUS SUPERIOR (gemellus, double, twin,) is a small 

 slip of muscle situated immediately below the pyriformis, it arises 

 from the spine of the ischium, and is inserted into the upper bor- 

 der of the tendon of the obturator internus, and into the trochan- 

 teric fossa of the femur. The gemellus superior is not unfrequently 

 wanting. 



Relations. By its superficial surface with the gluteus maximus, the 



