PHARYNX. ITS OPENINGS. 563 



Vessels and Nerves. The parotid gland is abundantly supplied with 

 arteries by the external carotid ; the submaxillary by facial ; and the 

 sublingual by the sublingual branch of the lingual artery. 



The Nerves of the parotid gland are derived from the auricular 

 branch of the inferior maxillary, from the auricularis magnus, and 

 from the nervi molles of the external carotid artery. The submax- 

 illary gland is supplied by the branches of the submaxillary gan- 

 glion, and by filaments from the mylo-hyoidean nerve ; and the sub- 

 lingual by filaments from the submaxillary ganglion and gustatory 



PHARYNX. 



The pharynx (pagwyg, the throat) is a musculo-membranous sac, 

 situated upon the cervical portion of -the vertebral column, and extend- 

 ing from the base of the skull to a 

 point corresponding with the cricoid 

 cartilage in front, and the fifth 

 cervical vertebra behind. It is 

 composed of mucous membrane, 

 muscles, vessels, and nerves, and is 

 invested by a strong fascia, situated 

 between the mucous membrane and 

 muscles, which serves to connect 

 it with the basilar process of the 

 occipital bone and with the petrous 

 portions of the temporal bones. 

 Upon its anterior part it is incom- 

 plete, and has opening into it seven 

 foramina, viz. 



Posterior nares, two, 



Eustachian tubes, two, 



Mouth, 



Larynx, 



(Esophagus. 



The Posterior nares are the two 

 large openings at the upper and 

 front part of the pharynx. On each side of these openings, and slightly 



* The pharynx laid open from behind. 1. A section carried transversely 

 through the base of the skull. 2, 2. The walls of the pharynx drawn to each 

 side. 3, 3. The posterior nares, separated by the vomer. 4. The extremity 

 of the Eustachian tube of one side. 5. The soft palate. 6. The posterior 

 pillar of the soft palate. 7. Its anterior pillar ; the tonsil is seen situated in the 

 niche between the two pillars. 8. The root of the tongue, partly concealed by 

 the uvula. Q. The epiglottis, overhanging (10) the cordiform opening of the 

 larynx. 11. The posterior part of the larynx. 12. The opening into the ceso- 

 phagus. 13. The external surface of the oesophagus. 14. The trachea. 



