1142 



SPLANCHNOLOGY 



A vertical fold of mucous membrane, the salpingopharyngeal fold, stretches from 

 the lower part of the torus; it contains the Salpingopharyngeus muscle. A second 

 and smaller fold, the salpingopalatine fold, stretches from the upper part of the torus 

 to the palate. Behind the ostium of the auditory tube is a deep recess, the pharyn- 

 geal recess (fossa of Rosenmuller) , On the posterior wall is a prominence, best 

 marked in childhood, produced by a mass of lymphoid tissue, which is known as the 

 pharyngeal tonsil. Above the pharyngeal tonsil, in the middle line, an irregular 

 flask-shaped depression of the mucous membrane sometimes extends up as far 

 as the basilar process of the occipital bone; it is known as the pharyngeal bursa. 



Nasal septum 



Nasal conchce 



Torus of auditory 

 tube 



Pharyngeal ostium of 

 auditory tube 



FIG. 1029. Front of nasa part of pharynx, as seen with the laryngoscope. 



The Oral Part of the Pharynx (pars oralis pharyngis} reaches from the soft palate 

 to the level of the hyoid bone. It opens anteriorly, through the isthmus faucium, 

 into the mouth, while in its lateral wall, between the two palatine arches, is the 

 palatine tonsil. 



The Laryngeal Part of the Pharynx (pars laryngea pharyngis} reaches from the 

 hyoid bone to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage, where it is continuous with 

 the esophagus. In front it presents the triangular entrance of the larynx, the base 

 of which is directed forward and is formed by the epiglottis, while its lateral boun- 

 daries are constituted by the aryepiglottic folds. On either side of the laryngeal 

 orifice is a recess, termed the sinus piriformis, which is bounded medially by the 

 aryepiglottic fold, laterally by the thyroid cartilage and hyothyroid membrane. 



Muscles of the Pharynx. The muscles of the pharynx (Fig. 1030) are: 

 Constrictor inferior. Stylopharyngeus. 



Constrictor medius. Salpingopharyngeus. 



Constrictor superior. Pharyngopalatinus. 1 



The Constrictor pharyngis inferior (Inferior constrictor) (Figs. 1030, 1031), the thickest 

 of the three constrictors, arises from the sides of the cricoid and thyroid cartilage. 

 From the cricoid cartilage it arises in the interval between the Cricothyreoideus 

 in front, and the articular facet for the inferior cornu of the thyroid cartilage 

 behind. On the thyroid cartilage it arises from the oblique line on the side of the 

 lamina, from the surface behind this nearly as far as the posterior border and from 

 the inferior cornu. From these origins the fibers spread backward and medialward 

 to be inserted with the muscle of the opposite side into the fibrous raphe in the 

 posterior median line of the pharynx. The inferior fibers are horizontal and con- 

 tinuous with the circular fibers of the esophagus; the rest ascend, increasing in. 

 obliquity, and overlap the Constrictor medius. 



1 The Pharyngop&Jatinus is described with the muscles of the palate (p. 1139). 



