1192 SPLANCHNOLOGY 



chondrium, and is separated from the left lobe on its upper surface by the 

 falciform ligament; on its under and posterior surfaces by the left sagittal 

 fossa; and in front by the umbilical notch. It is of a somewhat quadrilateral form, 

 its under and posterior surfaces being marked by three fossae: the porta and the 

 fossae for the gall-bladder and inferior vena cava, which separate its left part 

 into two smaller lobes; the quadrate and caudate lobes. The impressions on the 

 right lobe have already been described. 



The quadrate lobe (lobus quadratic) is situated on the under surface of the right 

 lobe, bounded in front by the anterior margin of the liver; behind by the porta; 

 on the right, by the fossa for the gall-bladder; and on the left, by the fossa for the 

 umbilical vein. It is oblong in shape, its antero-posterior diameter being greater 

 than its transverse. 



The caudate lobe (lobus caudatus; Spigelian lobe} is situated upon the posterior 

 surface of the right lobe of the liver, opposite the tenth and eleventh thoracic 

 vertebras. It is bounded, below, by the porta; on the right, by the fossa for the 

 inferior vena cava; and, on the left, by the fossa for the ductus venosus. It looks 

 backward, being nearly vertical in position; it is longer from above downward 

 than from side to side, and is somewhat concave in the transverse direction. The 

 caudate process is a small elevation of the hepatic substance extending obliquely 

 lateralward, from the lower extremity of the caudate lobe to the under surface of 

 the right lobe. It is situated behind the porta, and separates the fossa for the gall- 

 bladder from the commencement of the fossa for the inferior vena cava. 



The left lobe (lobus hepatis sinister) is smaller and more flattened than the right. 

 It is situated in the epigastric and left hypochondriac regions. Its upper surface 

 is slightly convex and is moulded on to the diaphragm; its under surface presents 

 the gastric impression and omental tuberosity, already referred to page 1189. 



Ligaments. The liver is connected to the under surface of the diaphragm 

 and to the anterior wall of the abdomen by five ligaments; four of these the 

 falciform, the coronary, and the two lateral are peritoneal folds; the fifth, the 

 round ligament, is a fibrous cord, the obliterated umbilical vein. The liver is also 

 attached to the lesser curvature of the stomach by the hepatogastric and to the 

 duodenum by the hepatoduodenal ligament (see page 1157). 



The falciform ligament (ligamentum falciforme hepatis) is a broad and thin antero- 

 posterior peritoneal fold, falciform in shape, its base being directed downward 

 and backward, its apex upward and backward. It is situated in an antero-posterior 

 plane, but lies obliquely so that one surface faces forward and is in contact with 

 the peritoneum behind the right Rectus and the diaphragm, while the other is 

 directed backward and is in contact with the left lobe of the liver. It is attached 

 by its left margin to the under surface of the diaphragm, and the posterior surface 

 of the sheath of the right Rectus as low down as the umbilicus; by its right margin 

 it extends from the notch on the anterior margin of the liver, as far back as the 

 posterior surface. It is composed of two layers of peritoneum closely united 

 together. Its base or free edge contains between its layers the round ligament 

 and the parumbilical veins. 



The coronary ligament (ligamentum coronarium hepatis) consists of an upper 

 and a lower layer. The upper layer is formed by the reflection of the peritoneum 

 from the upper margin of the bare area of the liver to the under surface of the dia- 

 phragm, and is continuous with the right layer of the falciform ligament. The 

 lower layer is reflected from the lower margin of the bare area on to the right kidney 

 and suprarenal gland, and is termed the hepatorenal ligament. 



The triangular ligaments (lateral ligaments) are two in number, right and left. 

 The right triangular ligament (ligamentum triangulare dextrum) is situated at the 

 right extremity of the bare area, and is a small fold which passes to the diaphragm, 

 being formed by the apposition of the upper and lower layers of the coronary 



