SPLANCHNOLOGY 



lumborum, and the tendon of the Transversus abdominis, the subcostal, and one 

 or two of the upper lumbar arteries, and the last thoracic, iliohypogastric, and 

 ilioinguinal nerves. The right kidney rests upon the twelfth rib, the left usually 

 on the eleventh and twelfth. The diaphragm separates the kidney from the 





SUPRARENAL AREA 



SUPRARENAL AREA 



FIG. 1122. The anterior surfaces of the kidneys, showing the areaa of contact of neighboring viscera. 



pleura, which dips down to form the phrenicocostal sinus, but frequently the 

 muscular fibers of the diaphragm are defective or absent over a triangular area 

 immediately above the lateral lumbocostal arch, and when this is the case the 

 perinephric areolar tissue is in contact with the diaphragmatic pleura. 



ELEVENTH RIB 



TWELFTH RIB 



TRANSVERSE PROCESSES 

 OF FIRST LUMBAR VERTEBRA 



TWELFTH RIB 



TRANSVERSE 

 OF SECOND 

 VERTEBRA 



FIG. 1123. The posterior surfaces of the kidneys, showing areas of relation to the parietes. 



Borders. The lateral border (margo lateralis; external border) is convex, and is 

 directed toward the postero-lateral wall of the abdomen. On the left side it is in 

 contact at its upper part, with the spleen. 



