SURFACE ANATOMY AND SURFACE 



MARKINGS. 



SURFACE ANATOMY OF THE HEAD AND NECK. 



Bones (Fig. 1193). Various bony surfaces and prominences on the skull can be 

 easily identified by palpation. The external occipital protuberance is situated 

 behind, in the middle line, at the junction of the skin of the neck with that of the 

 head. The superior nuchal line runs lateralward from it on either side, while extend- 

 ing downward from it is the median nuchal crest, situated deeply at the bottom 

 of the nuchal furrow. Above the superior nuchal lines the vault of the cranium 



Zygomatic tubercle % N 

 Zygomat ico frontal 



suture 



Supraorbital foramen - 

 Glabella- 

 Nasion .. 



-Inion 

 Reid's base 

 line 



Median nuchal crest 



Auricular point 

 Pre-auricular point 



FIG. 1193. Side view of head, showing surface relations of bones. 



is thinly covered with soft structures, so that the form of this part of the head is 

 almost that of the upper portion of the occipital, the parietal, and the frontal 

 bones. The superior nuchal line can be followed lateralward to the mastoid por- 

 tion of the temporal bone, from which the mastoid process projects downward 

 and forward behind the ear. The anterior and posterior borders, the apex, and 

 the external surface of this process are all available for superficial examination. The 

 anterior border lies immediately behind the concha, and the apex is on a level 





( 1287 ) 



