1298 



SURFACE ANATOMY AND SURFACE MARKINGS 



gopalatinus. Between the two arches of either side is the palatine tonsil, above 

 which is the small supratonsillar recess; the position of the tonsil corresponds to 

 the angle of the mandible. When the mouth is opened widely, a tense band 

 the pterygomandibular raphe can be seen and felt lateral to the glossopalatine 

 arch. Its lower end is attached to the mandible behind the last molar tooth, 

 and immediately below and in front of this the lingual nerve can be felt; the upper 





Nasal septum 



Nasal ronchce 



Pharyngeal r< 



Torus of auditory 

 tube 



Pharyngeal ostium of 

 auditory tube 



FIG. 1203. Front of nasal part of pharynx, as seen with the laryngoscope. 



end of the ligament can be traced to the pterygoid hamulus. About 1 cm. in front 

 of the hamulus and 1 cm. medial to the last molar tooth of the maxilla is the greater 

 palatine foramen through which the descending palatine vessels and the anterior 

 palatine nerve emerge. Behind the last molar tooth of the maxilla the coronoid 

 process of the mandible is palpable. 



Vallecula 



Median glossbepiglottic fold 

 Epiglottis] 



,Tubercle of epiglottis. 

 Vocal fold 



Ventricular fold 



Arye-pirjlottic. fold 

 Cuneiform cartilage 



Corniculate cartilage 



Trachea 

 FIG. 1204. Laryngoscopic view of interior of larynx 



By tilting the head well back a portion of the posterior pharyngeal wall, corre- 

 sponding to the site of the second and third cervical vertebrae, can be seen through 

 the isthmus faucium. On introducing the finger the anterior surfaces of the upper 

 cervical vertebras can be felt through the thin muscular wall of the pharynx; 

 if the finger be hooked round the palatine velum, the choanse can be distinguished in 

 front, and the pharyngeal ostium of the auditory tube on either side. The level 

 of the choanse is that of the atlas, while the palatine velum is opposite the body 

 of the axis. 



