

SURFACE MARKINGS OF THE PERINEUM 



1323 



In the female the posterior wall and fornix of the vagina, and the cervix and 

 body of the uterus can be felt in front, while somewhat laterally the ovaries can 

 just be reached. 



Ureter 



Ductus dcferens 



V 



Urethra 



Sacrum 



Rectovesical 

 excavation 



Coccyx 



Ejaculatory duct 

 Anal canal 





External urethral 

 orifice 



FIG. 1228. Median sagittal section of male pelvis. 



Male Urogenital Organs. The corpora cavernosa penis can be followed backward 

 to the crura which are attached to the sides of the pubic arch. The glans penis, 

 covered by the prepuce, and the external urethral orifice can be examined, and the 

 course of the urethra traced along the under surface of the penis to the bulb which 

 is situated immediately in front of the central point of the perineum. Through 

 the wall of the scrotum on either side the testis can be palpated; it lies toward 

 the back of the scrotum, and along its posterior border the epididymis can be felt; 

 passing upward along the medial side of the epididymis is the spermatic cord, 

 which can be traced upward to the subcutaneous inguinal ring. 



By means of a sound the general topography of the urethra and bladder can 

 be investigated ; with the urethroscope the interior of the urethra can be illuminated 

 and viewed directly; with the cystoscope the interior of the bladder is in a similar 

 manner illuminated for visual examination. In the bladder the main points to 

 which attention is directed are the trigone, the torus uretericus, the plicae uretericse, 

 and the openings of the ureters and urethra (see Fig. 1240). 



Female Urogenital Organs. In the pudendal cleft (Fig. 1229) between the labia 

 minora are the openings of the vagina and .urethra. In the virgin the vaginal open- 

 ing is partly closed by the hymen after coitus the remains of the hymen are rep- 

 resented by the carunculse hymenales. Between the hymen and the frenulum of 

 the labia is the fossa navicularis, while in the groove between the hymen and the 

 labium minus, on either side, the small opening of the greater vestibular (BartJiolin's) 

 gland can be seen. These glands when enlarged can be felt on either side of the 



