OSTEOLOGY 



There are twelve ribs on each side; these are of different 

 shapes, conforming to their location. They serve for 

 the attachment of the several muscles of the chest and 

 abdomen. They are all connected behind with the dorsal 

 vertebrae of the spine, and the first seven are connected 

 with the sternum by the costal cartilages ; these are called 

 true ribs. The remaining five pairs are called false ribs; 



Circumference of apex of thorax. 



Manubrium 

 sterni. 



Costa lea rtilages. 

 Gladiolus. 



En si form carti- 

 lage of xiphoid 

 appendix. 



Eleventh rib. 



Ninth rib. 

 Tenth rib. 



Eleventh rib. 



Circumference of base. 

 FlG. 13. Thorax (anterior view) (Ingals). 



of these, the first three are attached in front to the costal 

 cartilages, and are termed the vertebrocostal, while the 

 remaining two, being unattached in front, are known as 

 vertebral or floating ribs. 



The convexity of each curved rib is turned outward, so 

 as to give roundness to the side of the chest and increase 

 the dimensions of its cavity when the ribs are raised; 



