42 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR NURSES 



The heel-bone is in the lower posterior part of the foot, 

 and is called the os calcis. It is classed as an irregular 

 bone. The 5 metatarsal bones are classed with the 

 long bones and articulate with the tarsus. 



The phalanges of the foot number 14, just as in the 

 hand ; the great toe is made up of two phalanges, the other 

 toes having three. They are classed as long bones, and, 

 from their location, are subject to many injuries. 



THE ARTICULATIONS 



The various bones of which the skeleton is made 

 up are connected at different parts of their surfaces to 

 form joints or articulations. If the joint be immovable, 



FIG. 23. Ligaments of the shoulder: a, Superior acromioclavicular 

 ligament ; b, coraco-acromial ligament ; c, coracohumeral ligament; d, 

 transverse ligament ; e, coracoclavicular ligament ; f, anterior costosternal 

 ligament ; g, interclavicular ligament ; h, anterior sternoclavicular ligament ; 

 i, costoclavieular ligament ; /, capsular ligament. 



as those between the cranial and most of the facial bones, 

 the adjacent surfaces are brought into close approxima- 

 tion with an intervening thin layer of fibrous membrane 

 the sutural ligament; in certain situations, at the base of 

 the skull, a thin layer of cartilage is interposed. 



Where slight movement combined with great strength 

 is required, as in the joints of the spine, the sacro-iliac, 



