84 OSTEOLOGY 



They have an anterior and posterior surface, and a 

 superior and inferior border. Their articulations with 

 the sternum and ribs are fixed by attached ligaments. 



THE BONES OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY 



. ,, /Clavicle (collar bone). 

 Shoulder girdle ( Scapula (shoulder blade) . 



Upper limb' 



Arm (brachium, humerus (arm bone). 



Forearm (antebrachium, radius, ulna (forearm bones). 



(Carpus (wrist bones). 

 Hand (manus) i Metacarpus (bones of palm). 



[Phalanges or bones of digits (fingers). 



The Clavicle. This bone forms the anterior por- 

 tion of the shoulder girdle. It is a long, thin bone, 

 curved somewhat like the letter /, and placed nearly 

 horizontally at the upper and anterior part of the 

 chest, immediately over the first rib. Its inner or 

 sternal end articulates with the upper border of the 

 sternum, and its outer or acromial end unites with 

 the acromion process of the scapula^ the two together 

 connect the upper limb with the trunk by means of 

 ligaments. 



The Scapula (Shoulder-blade). This is a large, flat 

 bone, situated at the back and outer aspect of the chest, 

 between the second and seventh ribs. Its posterior 

 border is about 1 inch from and parallel with the 

 vertebral spines. It is attached to the trunk by the 

 clavicle, fascia, and muscles; and from it is suspended 

 the humerus by means of the capsular ligament of the 

 shoulder-joint, which is attached to the margins of 

 the glenoid cavity and the head of the humerus. 



This bone consists of a large, flattened, triangular 

 body, two processes, the coracoid, and spine, which 

 ends in the acromial process, and at the apex a cavity 

 glenoid, for articulation with the head of the humerus. 



