THE MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND NECK 125 



tissue (fat), epicranial aponeurosis, subaponeurotic 

 tissue, periosteum, and bone. The skin is very thick 

 and contains the hair follicles, closely related. The 

 superficial fascia beneath the skin contains fat, super- 

 ficial bloodvessels, and nerves of the scalp; it is con- 

 tinuous behind with the fascia of the neck; on the sides 

 it is continued over the temporal fascia. The layers 

 of the scalp are all blended firmly together. 



The Occipitofrontalis Muscle. This is a broad, thin 

 layer, consisting of two muscular portions with an 

 intervening aponeurosis. The occipital portion or 

 occipitalis muscles is attached behind to the outer 

 two-thirds of the upper curved line on each side of 

 the occipital and mastoid portion of the temporal 

 bones. The frontal portion, or frontalis muscle, arises 

 from the aponeurosis between the frontal eminence 

 of the frontal bone and the coronal suture, and has 

 no bony attachments. 



Actions. The frontalis elevates the eyebrows, draws 

 the scalp forward, and wrinkles the forehead trans- 

 versely; occipitalis draws the scalp backward, or alter- 

 nates with the frontalis in moving the scalp back and 

 forth some individuals can move the scalp volun- 

 tarily. 



The Nerve Supply. Frontalis by temporal branches 

 of the facial nerve; occipitalis by the posterior auric- 

 ular branch of the facial. 



The Muscles to the External Ear (Auricular 

 Region) 



Attrahens aurem. 

 Attollens aurem. 

 Retrahens aurem. 



They are three small muscles placed just beneath 

 the skin; sometimes they are scarcely visible in man, 



